@article{citation_4057, abstract = {
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is closely tied to soil health. However, additional biological indicators may also provide insight about C dynamics and microbial activity. We used SOC and the other C indicators (potential C mineralization, permanganate oxidizable C, water extractable organic C, and β-glucosidase enzyme activity) from the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements to examine the continental-scale drivers of these indicators, the relationships among indicators, and the effects of soil health practices on indicator values. All indicators had greater values at cooler temperatures, and most were greater with increased precipitation and clay content. The indicators were strongly correlated with each other at the site-level, with the strongest relationship between SOC and permanganate oxidizable C. The indicator values responded positively to decreased tillage, inclusion of cover crops, application of organic nutrients, and retention of crop residue, but not the number of harvested crops in a rotation. The effect of decreased tillage on the C indicators was generally greater at sites with higher precipitation. The magnitude and direction of the response to soil health practices was consistent across indicators within a site but measuring at least two indicators would provide additional confidence of the effects of management, especially for tillage. All C indicators responded to management, an essential criterion for evaluating soil health. Balancing the cost, sensitivity, interpretability, and availability at commercial labs, a 24-hr potential C mineralization assay could deliver the most benefit to measure in conjunction with SOC.
}, author = {Daniel Liptzin and Charlotte E Norris and Shannon B Cappellazzi and G Mac Bean and Michael Cope and Kelsey L H Greub and Elizabeth L Rieke and Paul W Tracy and Ezra Aberle and Amanda Ashworth and Oscar Bañuelos Tavarez and Andy I Bary and R L Baumhardt and Alberto Borbón Gracia and Daniel C Brainard and Jameson R Brennan and Dolores Briones Reyes and Darren Bruhjell and Cameron N Carlyle and James J W Crawford and Cody F Creech and Steve W Culman and Bill Deen and Curtis J Dell and Justin D Derner and Thomas F Ducey and Sjoerd W Duiker and Miles F Dyck and Benjamin H Ellert and Martin H Entz and Avelino Espinosa Solorio and Steven J Fonte and Simon Fonteyne and Ann-Marie Fortuna and Jamie L Foster and Lisa M Fultz and Audrey V Gamble and Charles M Geddes and Deirdre Griffin-LaHue and John H Grove and Stephen K Hamilton and Xiying Hao and Zachary D Hayden and Nora Honsdorf and Julie A Howe and James A Ippolito and Gregg A Johnson and Mark A Kautz and Newell R Kitchen and Sandeep Kumar and Kirsten S M Kurtz and Francis J Larney and Katie L Lewis and Matt Liebman and Antonio Lopez Ramirez and Stephen Machado and Bijesh Maharjan and Miguel Angel Martinez Gamiño and William E May and Mitchel P McClaran and Marshall D McDaniel and Neville Millar and Jeffrey P Mitchell and Amber D Moore and Philip A Moore and Manuel Mora Gutiérrez and Kelly A Nelson and Emmanuel C Omondi and Shannon L Osborne and Leodegario Osorio Alcalá and Philip Owens and Eugenia M Pena-Yewtukhiw and Hanna J Poffenbarger and Brenda Ponce Lira and Jennifer R Reeve and Timothy M Reinbott and Mark S Reiter and Edwin L Ritchey and Kraig L Roozeboom and Yichao Rui and Amir Sadeghpour and Upendra M Sainju and Gregg R Sanford and William F Schillinger and Robert R Schindelbeck and Meagan E Schipanski and Alan J Schlegel and Kate M Scow and Lucretia A Sherrod and Amy L Shober and Sudeep S Sidhu and Ernesto Solís Moya and Mervin St Luce and Jeffrey S Strock and Andrew E Suyker and Virginia R Sykes and Haiying Tao and Alberto Trujillo Campos and Laura L Van Eerd and Harold van Es and Nele Verhulst and Tony J Vyn and Yutao Wang and Dexter B Watts and David L Wright and Tiequan Zhang and Cristine L S Morgan and C Wayne Honeycutt}, title = {An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments}, year = {2022}, note = {LTER not ack LTER site use}, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, pages = {108708}, volume = {172}, doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108708} }