uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/16.emlG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895NicholasHaddadMichigan State University

3700 E Gull Lake DriveHickory Corners49060US

haddad@kbs.msu.edu0000-0002-1591-9322KevinKahmarkMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

269-671-2330kahmark@msu.eduprincipal contactStaceyVanderWulpMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 671-2339(269) 671-2333vanderws@msu.eduprincipal contactSvenBohmMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 205-3821(269 )671-2333bohms@ideomatic.dev0000-0002-6224-7848data manager2026-09-12

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/16

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat Lakesco2n2oCO2fluxN2OCH4methanecarbondioxidenitrousoxidegasfluxgasestracegasesOrganic MatterInorganic NutrientsDisturbanceLTER Core Research Areagases trace gases gas flux CO2 N2O CH4 flux methane nitrous oxide carbon dioxide agriculturefarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910191991-06-122025-11-10Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERSampling Frequency: Bi-weekly CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes are estimated using in situ closed-cover flux chambers. Bases of the chambers (28 cm x 28 cm x 10 cm high) are permanently installed in all plots of 4 replicate blocks (removed only for farming activities). Chamber bases are constructed from aluminum sheeting with a channel on the top outside rim to fit a plexiglass cover (29 cm x 29 cm x 14 cm high) fitted with a rubber septa. Base channels are filled with water during sampling to provide a gas-tight seal.Gas fluxes are measured at 20 minute sampling intervals over a one hour period. Samples are taken from chambers by inserting a needle/syringe into the rubber septa and drawing 10mL which is used to flush a vented 6mL glass vial. Glass vials are sealed with screw top caps and pierceable rubber septa. Another 10mL gas sample is taken from the chamber and placed in the glass vial, giving the vial a gas overpressure. CH4 and N2O are determined by gas chromatography. CH4 is analyzed with aflame ionization detector (300 degrees C), while N2O is analyzed with a 63Ni electron capture detector (350 degrees C). CO2 is analyzed using an infrared gas analyzer. Gases for both CH4 and N2O are separated on a Poropak Q column (1.8 m, 80/100 mesh) at 80 degrees C. Carrier gas for CH4 is nitrogen, while carrier gas for N2O is argon/methane (90/10).Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/23Agricultural soils can serve as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs). To measure the flux of biogenic GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from soil, we use static flux chambers and withdraw four gas samples over the course of an hour to determine changes in chamber gas concentration over that time interval. CH4 and N2O are determined by gas chromatography; CO2 by either infrared gas analysis or spectroscopy. Fluxes are expressed as grams or kilograms of elemental gas per hectare per day. Sampling Frequency: Depends on the experiment, time of year, and research objective. As part of our sampling program of the LTER Main Cropping System Experiment (MCSE), GHG fluxes are measured weekly to monthly throughout the growing season (since 1991) and monthly throughout the winter (since 2013). Fluxes are often episodic and associated with major agronomic events like tillage and fertilization.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/113programNational Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001DEB 2224712https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalsehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/28Kellogg Biological Station LTER: N2O, CH4, CO2 Fluxes via Static Chambers (KBS013-001)Atmospheric trace gas (N2O, CH4, and CO2) fluxes on the Main Cropping System Experiment using the static chamber method.N2O,+CH4,+CO2+Fluxes+via+Static+Chambers.csvNone451\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/28.csvSample_Datedate of samplingYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18TreatmenttreatmenttreatmentReplicatereplicatereplicateCH4_Cflux of methane (CH4) as CgramsPerHectarePerDay0.1realCO2_Cflux of carbon dioxide (CO2) as CkilogramsPerHectarePerDay0.1realN2O_Nflux of nitrous oxide (N2O) as NgramsPerHectarePerDay0.1realYearsample yearYYYY11987-4-18air_temperature_cthe air temperature used for the flux calculationcelsiusrealmoisturegravimetric soil moisture gramsPerGramrealsoil_temperature_csoil temperature at 2.54 cm depthcelsiusrealcropthe crop grown that yearthe crop grown that yearhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/157Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Gravimetric Soil Moisture - with Trace Gas Sampling (KBS013-003)Soil moisture measurements taken at the time of trace gas sampling on the Main Cropping System Experiment. In 2024 we switched over to using a Hyrdosense probe for this data. The continuation of this data is in https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/806Gravimetric+Soil+Moisture+-+with+Trace+Gas+Sampling.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/157.csvdatesample dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentLTER treatmentLTER treatmentreplicateLTER replicateLTER replicatesub_plotadditional experimental treatment such as fertilizationadditional experimental treatment such as fertilizationmoisturemeasured soil moisture as a fraction (dry weight basis)gramsPerGramrealcommentscomments about the observationcomments about the observationhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/167Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Temperature - with Trace Gas Sampling (KBS013-004)Soil temperature measured at the time of trace gas sampling on the Main Cropping System Experiment.Soil+Temperature+-+with+Trace+Gas+Sampling.csvNone251\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/167.csvdatedate the measurement was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmenttreatment the measurement was made fromtreatment the measurement was made fromreplicatereplicate the measurement was made fromreplicate the measurement was made fromsub_plotthe sub_plot sampledthe sub_plot sampledsoil_temperaturesoil temperature at 10 cmcelsiusrealyearyear the measurement was takenYYYY11987-4-18https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/806Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Volumetric Soil Moisture (Hydrosense)-- with Trace Gas Sampling (KBS013_007)Volumetric soil moisture measurements were taken along with the static trace gas sampling campaign. A Hydrosense probe with the 12 cm probe head was used to measure the soil moisture on the same day as the gas sample. Measurements below 6% soil moisture are set to 6% since that is the detection limit of the Hydrosense probe.Volumetric+Soil+Moisture+(Hydrosense)-+with+Trace+Gas+Sampling.csvNone251\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/806.csvsample_datethe sample dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentthe treatment sampledthe treatment sampledreplicatethe replicate plot sampledthe replicate plot sampledsubplotthe sub plot sampledthe sub plot sampledvwc_percentthe measured volumetric soil moisture content fraction of the top 12 cm.gramsPerHectogramrealcommentcomments about the observationcomments about the observation@article{citation_3572, author = {I Gelfand and I Shcherbak and N Millar and A N Kravchenko and G P Robertson}, title = {Long-term nitrous oxide fluxes in annual and perennial agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems in the upper Midwest USA}, year = {2016}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, pages = {3594-3607}, volume = {22}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.13426} } @article{citation_4210, author = {Grant Falvo and Yao Zhang and Michael Abraha and Samantha Mosier and Yahn-Jauh Su and Cheyenne Lei and Jiquan Chen and M Francesca Cotrufo and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Combining eddy covariance towers, field measurements, and the MEMS 2 ecosystem model improves confidence in the climate impacts of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage}, year = {2025}, journal = {Global Change Biology Bioenergy}, pages = {e70023}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.70023} } @data{citation_4219, author = {Grant Falvo and Yao Zhang and Michael Abraha and Samantha Mosier and Yahn-Jauh Su and Cheyenne Lei and Jiquan Chen and M Francesca Cotrufo and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Data from: Combining eddy covariance towers, field measurements, and the MEMS 2 ecosystem model improves confidence in the climate impacts of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage [Dataset]}, publisher = {Dryad}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5s5 } } @article{citation_4227, author = {Grant Falvo and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Nature-based climate solutions can help mitigate the radiative forcing that follows deforestation}, year = {2025}, journal = {Communications Earth & Environment}, pages = {425}, volume = {6}, doi = {10.1038/s43247-025-02291-4} } @data{citation_4228, author = {Grant Falvo and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Data from: Nature-based climate solutions can help mitigate the radiative forcing that follows deforestation [Dataset]}, publisher = {Dryad}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmswn } }