uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/163.emlScottSwintonMichigan State University

446 W. Circle Drive (Agriculture Hall, Room 202)East LansingMI48824-1039US

(517) 353-7218(517) 432-1800swintons@msu.edu0000-0002-3751-18112026-07-18

The survey targeted unincorporated, private landowners. The goal of this mail survey was to explore landowners’ attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to grow energy crops and/or harvest timber residues in the northern half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and in northern Wisconsin. A major objective was to predict the potential supply of land devoted to three potential bioenergy crops on three land types (cropland, farmable non-crop land [including pasture & grassland], forest land). The survey also included the potential for woody biomass sale as residue from timber harvest and tree thinning operations. The contingent valuation completely randomized experimental design covers four energy crops (corn, switchgrass, hybrid poplar trees, woody biomass residues) with four pre-defined rental rate offers ($15, $30, $60, $90 per acre; same rates used for woody biomass sale) for a total of 16 versions of the questionnaire (experimental design with prices offered appears on Survey Versions & Prices worksheet in the codebook file). The 4-wave direct mail survey asked landowners about their land uses, attitudes about their land, awareness of bioenergy crops, opinions about bioenergy and environment, concerns about land rental, and demographic background. The contingent valuation section asked for respondent willingness to rent each of the three land types for each of the three bioenergy crops, with specified rental rates following an orthogonal design. For woody biomass timber residues, respondents were asked about willingness to sell the biomass at the same one-time price as the poplar land rental rate. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/163

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat Lakesfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192014-10-012015-05-15Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERprogramNational Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001DEB 2224712https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalsehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/536Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Landowner Mail Survey on ‘Bioenergy and Land Use,’ Northern Michigan & Northern Wisconsin 2014 Responses (raw data) (KBS120-001)This is the raw survey data from the 2014 surveyLandowner+Mail+Survey+on+‘Bioenergy+and+Land+Use,’+Northern+Michigan+&+Northern+Wisconsin+2014+Responses+(raw+data).csvNone1821\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/536.csvidfarm identification number ( number )farm identification number ( number )coderfirst intial of data coder ( initial )first intial of data coder ( initial )price_cornrental rate offered for corn ($/acre)rental rate offered for corn ($/acre)price_switchrental rate offered for switchgrass ($/acre)rental rate offered for switchgrass ($/acre)price_poplarrental rate offered for poplar ($/acre)rental rate offered for poplar ($/acre)price_slashrental rate offered for slash ($/acre)rental rate offered for slash ($/acre)1_own10Owned more than 10 acres of undeveloped rural land in 2013 ( 1=yes, 0=no )Owned more than 10 acres of undeveloped rural land in 2013 ( 1=yes, 0=no )2_maindecMain decision maker ( 1=yes, 0=no )Main decision maker ( 1=yes, 0=no )a1_countyOther county ( 19 )Other county ( 19 )a1_commentName of other county ( text )Name of other county ( text )a2Landowner owned rural land in more than one county ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner owned rural land in more than one county ( 1=yes, 0=no )a3Total acres of rural land owned ( acres )Total acres of rural land owned ( acres )a4Landowner rented out any of his/her rural land to others ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner rented out any of his/her rural land to others ( 1=yes, 0=no )a4aAcres of rural land rented out to others ( acres )Acres of rural land rented out to others ( acres )a5Landowner rented in rural land from others ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner rented in rural land from others ( 1=yes, 0=no )a5aAcres of rural land rented in from others ( acres )Acres of rural land rented in from others ( acres )a6Landowner farmed any of the rural land he/she owned ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner farmed any of the rural land he/she owned ( 1=yes, 0=no )a7Landowener grew corn or rented out land for corn production ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowener grew corn or rented out land for corn production ( 1=yes, 0=no )a8Landowner had timber harvested from his/her rural land ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner had timber harvested from his/her rural land ( 1=yes, 0=no )a8aYear of last timber harvest ( Integer (year) )Year of last timber harvest ( Integer (year) )a9_corncorn on cropland ( acres )corn on cropland ( acres )a9_soysoybeans on cropland ( acres )soybeans on cropland ( acres )a9_wheatwheat on cropland ( acres )wheat on cropland ( acres )a9_other_row_cropsother row crops on cropland ( acres )other row crops on cropland ( acres )a9_hay_rothay or alfalfa on cropland in rotation with other crops ( acres )hay or alfalfa on cropland in rotation with other crops ( acres )a9_fruitfruit trees on cropland ( acres )fruit trees on cropland ( acres )a9_fallowfallow or idle cropland ( acres )fallow or idle cropland ( acres )a9_other_croplandother cropland ( acres )other cropland ( acres )a9_expl_other_croplandother cropland explanation ( text )other cropland explanation ( text )a9_hay_conthay or alfalfa on farmable non-cropland, continuous ( acres )hay or alfalfa on farmable non-cropland, continuous ( acres )a9_livestock_pastureLivestock pasture on farmable non-cropland ( acres )Livestock pasture on farmable non-cropland ( acres )a9_open_grassGrasses on farmable non-cropland ( acres )Grasses on farmable non-cropland ( acres )a9_shrubShrub or Scrub on farmable non-cropland ( acres )Shrub or Scrub on farmable non-cropland ( acres )a9_other_noncropOther farmable non-cropland ( acres )Other farmable non-cropland ( acres )a9_mx_forestMixed natural forest ( acres )Mixed natural forest ( acres )a9_single_specSingle species tree plantations ( acres )Single species tree plantations ( acres )a9_other_forestOther forest ( acres )Other forest ( acres )a9_expl_other_forestOther forest explain ( text )Other forest explain ( text )a9_other_ruralAny other rural land (e.g. wetlands, lawn and garden) ( acres )Any other rural land (e.g. wetlands, lawn and garden) ( acres )a9_other_otherOther land ( acres )Other land ( acres )a9_expl_other_otherOther ( text )Other ( text )a10_crpLand enrolled in Conservation Reserve Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Conservation Reserve Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_cspLand enrolled in Conservation Stewardship Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Conservation Stewardship Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_eqipLand enrolled in Environmental Quality Incentive Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Environmental Quality Incentive Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_mflLand enrolled in Managed Forest Law ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Managed Forest Law ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_cfLand enrolled in Commercial Forest Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Commercial Forest Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_qfLand enrolled in Qualified Forest Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Qualified Forest Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_other_progLand enrolled in Other Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land enrolled in Other Program ( 1=yes, 0=no )a10_expl_other_progLand enrolled in Other Program_explain ( text )Land enrolled in Other Program_explain ( text )a11Livestock raised on landowner's rural land ( 1=yes, 0=no )Livestock raised on landowner's rural land ( 1=yes, 0=no )a11aNumber of cattle raised on rural land ( integer )Number of cattle raised on rural land ( integer )a11bNumber of sheep & goats raised on rural land ( integer )Number of sheep & goats raised on rural land ( integer )a11cNumber of other livestock raised, excluding birds ( integer )Number of other livestock raised, excluding birds ( integer )a12_ag_ag_incomeCropland used for income from land rented out to agricultural or forest product growers or the sale of these products ( 1=yes, 0=no )Cropland used for income from land rented out to agricultural or forest product growers or the sale of these products ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_ag_rec_incomeCropland used for income from land rented out for recreation purposes (e.g., hunting, fishing, motorized recreation) ( 1=yes, 0=no )Cropland used for income from land rented out for recreation purposes (e.g., hunting, fishing, motorized recreation) ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_ag_personalCropland used for personal recreation (hunting, fishing, motorized recreation, hiking, solitude) ( 1=yes, 0=no )Cropland used for personal recreation (hunting, fishing, motorized recreation, hiking, solitude) ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_ag_otherCropland used for other purposes ( 1=yes, 0=no )Cropland used for other purposes ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_expl_ag_otherCropland used for other purposes_explain ( text )Cropland used for other purposes_explain ( text )a12_farm_ag_incomeFarmable non-cropland used for income from land rented out to agricultural or forest product growers or the sale of these products ( 1=yes, 0=no )Farmable non-cropland used for income from land rented out to agricultural or forest product growers or the sale of these products ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_farm_rec_incomeFarmable non-cropland used for income from land rented out for recreation purposes (e.g., hunting, fishing, motorized recreation) ( 1=yes, 0=no )Farmable non-cropland used for income from land rented out for recreation purposes (e.g., hunting, fishing, motorized recreation) ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_farm_personalFarmable non-cropland used for personal recreation (hunting, fishing, motorized recreation, hiking, solitude) ( 1=yes, 0=no )Farmable non-cropland used for personal recreation (hunting, fishing, motorized recreation, hiking, solitude) ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_farm_otherFarmable non-cropland used for other purposes ( 1=yes, 0=no )Farmable non-cropland used for other purposes ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_expl_farm_otherFarmable non-cropland used for other purposes_explain ( text )Farmable non-cropland used for other purposes_explain ( text )a12_forest_ag_incomeForested land used for income from land rented out to agricultural or forest product growers or the sale of these products ( 1=yes, 0=no )Forested land used for income from land rented out to agricultural or forest product growers or the sale of these products ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_forest_rec_incomeForested land used for income from land rented out for recreation purposes (e.g., hunting, fishing, motorized recreation) ( 1=yes, 0=no )Forested land used for income from land rented out for recreation purposes (e.g., hunting, fishing, motorized recreation) ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_forest_personalForested land used for personal recreation (hunting, fishing, motorized recreation, hiking, solitude) ( 1=yes, 0=no )Forested land used for personal recreation (hunting, fishing, motorized recreation, hiking, solitude) ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_forest_otherForested land used for other purposes ( 1=yes, 0=no )Forested land used for other purposes ( 1=yes, 0=no )a12_expl_forest_otherForested land used for other purposes_explain ( text )Forested land used for other purposes_explain ( text )a13rural land in conservation easement ( 1=yes, 0=no )rural land in conservation easement ( 1=yes, 0=no )a14rural land located within a forest reserve ( 1=yes, 0=no )rural land located within a forest reserve ( 1=yes, 0=no )a15Landowenr had a written forest management plan ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowenr had a written forest management plan ( 1=yes, 0=no )a16Landowner used forested land to graze livestock ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner used forested land to graze livestock ( 1=yes, 0=no )a17age of largest tract of mixed forest ( 1=less than 5 years, 2=6-10 years, 3=more than 10 years )age of largest tract of mixed forest ( 1=less than 5 years, 2=6-10 years, 3=more than 10 years )a18age of largest tract of single species tree plantation ( 1=less than 5 years, 2=6-10 years, 3=more than 10 years )age of largest tract of single species tree plantation ( 1=less than 5 years, 2=6-10 years, 3=more than 10 years )a19aI would rent out land for agricultural production if offered a satisfactory economic return. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I would rent out land for agricultural production if offered a satisfactory economic return. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19bI would rent out land for the establishment of a tree plantation if offered a satisfactory economic return. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I would rent out land for the establishment of a tree plantation if offered a satisfactory economic return. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19cMy family or friends would dislike it if I rented out my rural land to grow crops or harvest timber. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )My family or friends would dislike it if I rented out my rural land to grow crops or harvest timber. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19dI would be willing to sell my rural land if I knew it was going to be used for growing crops or timber harvesting. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I would be willing to sell my rural land if I knew it was going to be used for growing crops or timber harvesting. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19eI would be willing to sell my rural land if I knew it was going to be used for recreation (e.g., hunting, fishing). ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I would be willing to sell my rural land if I knew it was going to be used for recreation (e.g., hunting, fishing). ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19fI would be willing to sell my rural land if I knew it was going to be used for development (i.e., built structures). ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I would be willing to sell my rural land if I knew it was going to be used for development (i.e., built structures). ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19gI would never sell the rural land that I own. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I would never sell the rural land that I own. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19hI plan to sell most of my rural land within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I plan to sell most of my rural land within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19iI plan to pass my rural land onto an heir or other family member within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I plan to pass my rural land onto an heir or other family member within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19jI plan to subdivide part or all of my rural land within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I plan to subdivide part or all of my rural land within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19kI plan to reforest part of my rural land within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I plan to reforest part of my rural land within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19lI plan to convert most of my land to another use within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )I plan to convert most of my land to another use within the next 10 years. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19mWithin the past 10 years, I converted land from cropland into grassland or forest. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )Within the past 10 years, I converted land from cropland into grassland or forest. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )a19nWithin the past 10 years, I converted land from grassland into forest. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )Within the past 10 years, I converted land from grassland into forest. ( 1=yes, 0=no, 2=uncertain )b1Landowner has heard of bioenergy ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner has heard of bioenergy ( 1=yes, 0=no )b2Landowner knows that ethanol could be produced from other plant-based materials such as grasses in addition to corn ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner knows that ethanol could be produced from other plant-based materials such as grasses in addition to corn ( 1=yes, 0=no )b3aLandowenr is aware that corn residues could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowenr is aware that corn residues could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )b3bLandowenr is aware that switchgrass could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowenr is aware that switchgrass could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )b3cLandowenr is aware that hybrid poplar trees could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowenr is aware that hybrid poplar trees could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )b3dLandowenr is aware that forest slash could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowenr is aware that forest slash could be used for bioenergy feedstock ( 1=yes, 0=no )b4aLandowner has seen a pile or bale of corn residues ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner has seen a pile or bale of corn residues ( 1=yes, 0=no )b4bLandowner has seen a field of switchgrass ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner has seen a field of switchgrass ( 1=yes, 0=no )b4cLandowner has seen a row of hybrid poplar trees ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner has seen a row of hybrid poplar trees ( 1=yes, 0=no )b4dLandowner has seen a pile of forest slash ( 1=yes, 0=no )Landowner has seen a pile of forest slash ( 1=yes, 0=no )c1adecision of whether to rent cropland for corn ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )decision of whether to rent cropland for corn ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c1bAcres willing to rent of cropland for corn if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of cropland for corn if decision was yes ( acres )c2adecision of whether to rent farmable non-cropland land for corn ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )decision of whether to rent farmable non-cropland land for corn ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c2bAcres willing to rent of farmable non-cropland for corn if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of farmable non-cropland for corn if decision was yes ( acres )c3aDecision of whether to rent forested land for corn ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )Decision of whether to rent forested land for corn ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c3bAcres willing to rent of forested land for corn if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of forested land for corn if decision was yes ( acres )c4adecision of whether to rent cropland for switchgrass ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )decision of whether to rent cropland for switchgrass ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c4bAcres willing to rent of cropland for switchgrass if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of cropland for switchgrass if decision was yes ( acres )c5adecision of whether to rent farmable non-cropland land for switchgrass ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )decision of whether to rent farmable non-cropland land for switchgrass ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c5bAcres willing to rent of farmable non-cropland for switchgrass if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of farmable non-cropland for switchgrass if decision was yes ( acres )c6aDecision of whether to rent forested land for switchgrass ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )Decision of whether to rent forested land for switchgrass ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c6bAcres willing to rent of forested land for switchgrass if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of forested land for switchgrass if decision was yes ( acres )c7adecision of whether to rent cropland for hybrid poplar ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land, 0=no, with no subset selected )decision of whether to rent cropland for hybrid poplar ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land, 0=no, with no subset selected )c7bAcres willing to rent of cropland for hybrid poplar if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of cropland for hybrid poplar if decision was yes ( acres )c8adecision of whether to rent farmable non-cropland land for hybrid poplar ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )decision of whether to rent farmable non-cropland land for hybrid poplar ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c8bAcres willing to rent of farmable non-cropland for hybrid poplar if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of farmable non-cropland for hybrid poplar if decision was yes ( acres )c9aDecision of whether to rent forested land for hybrid poplar ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )Decision of whether to rent forested land for hybrid poplar ( 1= yes, 2=no, I do not own that land type, 3=no, I would rent if the rent were higher, 4= no, never rent this type of land , 0=no, with no subset selected )c9bAcres willing to rent of forested land for hybrid poplar if decision was yes ( acres )Acres willing to rent of forested land for hybrid poplar if decision was yes ( acres )c10Decision of wheter to agree with contract offer to remove woody biomass at next timber harvest ( 1= yes, 2=no, no plans to harvest timber, 3=no, I would sell if the payment were higher, 4= no, never sell woody biomass , 0=no, with no subset selected )Decision of wheter to agree with contract offer to remove woody biomass at next timber harvest ( 1= yes, 2=no, no plans to harvest timber, 3=no, I would sell if the payment were higher, 4= no, never sell woody biomass , 0=no, with no subset selected )c11Decision of wheter to agree with contract offer to remove woody biomass at next stand improvement ( 1= yes, 2=no, no plans for stand improvement, 3=no, I would sell if the payment were higher, 4= no, never sell woody biomass , 0=no, with no subset selected )Decision of wheter to agree with contract offer to remove woody biomass at next stand improvement ( 1= yes, 2=no, no plans for stand improvement, 3=no, I would sell if the payment were higher, 4= no, never sell woody biomass , 0=no, with no subset selected )d1aDeveloping renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, bioenergy, hydro-electrical) is important to our nation’s future. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Developing renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, bioenergy, hydro-electrical) is important to our nation’s future. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1bBioenergy should be prioritized over other forms of renewable energy such as wind or solar power. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Bioenergy should be prioritized over other forms of renewable energy such as wind or solar power. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1cBurning bioenergy feedstocks to generate electricity instead of burning coal is worth the extra cost. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Burning bioenergy feedstocks to generate electricity instead of burning coal is worth the extra cost. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1dSubstituting bioenergy feedstocks for fossil fuels will help mitigate climate change. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Substituting bioenergy feedstocks for fossil fuels will help mitigate climate change. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1eGrowing bioenergy feedstocks on cropland will increase competition with food needs. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Growing bioenergy feedstocks on cropland will increase competition with food needs. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1fIncreased bioenergy feedstock production will result in significant forest loss. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Increased bioenergy feedstock production will result in significant forest loss. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1gGovernment should allow regular harvesting of public forest land and CRP land for bioenergy purposes. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Government should allow regular harvesting of public forest land and CRP land for bioenergy purposes. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1hBiodiversity should be maintained when land use is changed. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Biodiversity should be maintained when land use is changed. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1iLiquid biofuels are a promising alternative energy technology that will be succesful in the future. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Liquid biofuels are a promising alternative energy technology that will be succesful in the future. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1jThe use of fossil fuels can be harmful to human health and the environment. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The use of fossil fuels can be harmful to human health and the environment. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d1kThe world will run out of fossil fuels (e.g., oil, natural gas) in the next 50 to 120 years. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The world will run out of fossil fuels (e.g., oil, natural gas) in the next 50 to 120 years. ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2aThe potential smell ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The potential smell ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2bNoise from harvesting, planting, or other activities ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Noise from harvesting, planting, or other activities ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2cPotential legal costs of contracting ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Potential legal costs of contracting ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2dThe length of the contract ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The length of the contract ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2eThe possible need for insurance ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The possible need for insurance ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2fHaving other people on my land ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )Having other people on my land ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2gThe land changing in a way that I can no longer use it as I want ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The land changing in a way that I can no longer use it as I want ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2hHow profitable it will be ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )How profitable it will be ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2iA lack of information about the potential feedstocks ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )A lack of information about the potential feedstocks ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2jThe use of pesticide and fertilizer on my land ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The use of pesticide and fertilizer on my land ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2kThe loss of biodiversity on my land (e.g., insects, birds, mammals, plants, etc) ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The loss of biodiversity on my land (e.g., insects, birds, mammals, plants, etc) ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )d2lThe risk of lower soil and water quality ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )The risk of lower soil and water quality ( 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= uncertain, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree )e1age ( integer (years) )age ( integer (years) )e2male gender ( 1=male, 0=female )male gender ( 1=male, 0=female )e3household members ( integer (members) )household members ( integer (members) )e4The respondant is a farmer or do farm work ( 1=yes, 0=no )The respondant is a farmer or do farm work ( 1=yes, 0=no )e5household income ( 1= less than $25,000; 2= $25.000 to $49,999; 3= $50,000 to $99,999; 4= $100.000 to $149,999; 5= $150,000 to $199,999; 6= $200,000 and above )household income ( 1= less than $25,000; 2= $25.000 to $49,999; 3= $50,000 to $99,999; 4= $100.000 to $149,999; 5= $150,000 to $199,999; 6= $200,000 and above )e6education ( 1= less than 12 years, 2= completed high school or GED, 3= some college (including AA, AS degrees), 4= 4-year college degree, 5= some graduate work, 6= graduate degree )education ( 1= less than 12 years, 2= completed high school or GED, 3= some college (including AA, AS degrees), 4= 4-year college degree, 5= some graduate work, 6= graduate degree )e7_agLand zoned for agricultural use ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land zoned for agricultural use ( 1=yes, 0=no )e7_resLand zoned for residential use ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land zoned for residential use ( 1=yes, 0=no )e7_indLand zoned for industrial use ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land zoned for industrial use ( 1=yes, 0=no )e7_forLand zoned for forest use ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land zoned for forest use ( 1=yes, 0=no )e7_notLand not restricted by zoning ( 1=yes, 0=no )Land not restricted by zoning ( 1=yes, 0=no )e7_uncI am uncertain ( 1=yes, 0=no )I am uncertain ( 1=yes, 0=no )e8duration of land ownership ( number (years) )duration of land ownership ( number (years) )e9rural land controlled by another family member before you became owner ( 1=yes, 0=no )rural land controlled by another family member before you became owner ( 1=yes, 0=no )e10residence on rural land ( 1=yes, 0=no )residence on rural land ( 1=yes, 0=no )e10aweeks/year to spend at this residence ( integer (weeks) )weeks/year to spend at this residence ( integer (weeks) )e11ZIP code of permanent residence ( integer )ZIP code of permanent residence ( integer )e12_cropIf rented out cropland in last 2 years what was the most common rental rate ( integer ($/acre) )If rented out cropland in last 2 years what was the most common rental rate ( integer ($/acre) )e12_pastureIf rented out pasture in last 2 years what was the most common rental rate ( integer ($/acre) )If rented out pasture in last 2 years what was the most common rental rate ( integer ($/acre) )e12_forestIf rented out forest in last 2 years what was the most common rental rate ( integer ($/acre) )If rented out forest in last 2 years what was the most common rental rate ( integer ($/acre) )survey-instrument.pdfsurvey-instrument.pdfpdfhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NzUwNywicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--169c5727046dda90067caf45627132e17b695952/survey-instrument.pdfFileCodebook-NTier-StataReady.xlsxCodebook-NTier-StataReady.xlsxxlsxhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NzUwOCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--66fed10bee50c0328bd2f2527c634c6c46f53b46/Codebook-NTier-StataReady.xlsxFileNTierSurveydataentry-StataReady.xlsxNTierSurveydataentry-StataReady.xlsxxlsxhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NzUwOSwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--afb0518a0aaecff1f4c65337308570ab618f222a/NTierSurveydataentry-StataReady.xlsxFileNTierData_StataReady_cleaningfile.doNTierData_StataReady_cleaningfile.dodohttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NzUxMCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--57250461e14df57731a7bc74e973f604e56f091e/NTierData_StataReady_cleaningfile.doFile