<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><eml:eml xmlns:eml="https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.2.0" xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.2.0 https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/docs/eml-2.2.0/eml.xsd" packageId="knb-lter-kbs.203.27" system="KBS LTER"><access scope="document" order="allowFirst" authSystem="knb"><allow><principal>uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org</principal><permission>all</permission></allow><allow><principal>uid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org</principal><permission>all</permission></allow><allow><principal>public</principal><permission>read</permission></allow></access><dataset><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/203.eml</alternateIdentifier><title>Rainout Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI  (2021 to 2024)</title><creator><individualName><givenName>Nicholas</givenName><surName>Haddad</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><deliveryPoint>3700 E Gull Lake Drive</deliveryPoint><city>Hickory Corners</city><postalCode>49060</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone"></phone><phone phonetype="fax"></phone><electronicMailAddress>haddad@kbs.msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0002-1591-9322</userId></creator><associatedParty><individualName><givenName>Sven</givenName><surName>Bohm</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><deliveryPoint>3700 East Gull Lake Drive</deliveryPoint><city>Hickory Corners</city><administrativeArea>MI</administrativeArea><postalCode>49060</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone">(269) 205-3821</phone><phone phonetype="fax">(269 )671-2333</phone><electronicMailAddress>bohms@msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0002-6224-7848</userId><role>principal contact</role></associatedParty><associatedParty><individualName><givenName>Nameer</givenName><surName>Baker</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone"></phone><phone phonetype="fax"></phone><electronicMailAddress>bakernam@msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0002-8827-3307</userId><role>principal contact</role></associatedParty><associatedParty><individualName><givenName>Stacey</givenName><surName>VanderWulp</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><deliveryPoint>3700 East Gull Lake Drive</deliveryPoint><city>Hickory Corners</city><administrativeArea>MI</administrativeArea><postalCode>49060</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone">(269) 671-2339</phone><phone phonetype="fax">(269) 671-2333</phone><electronicMailAddress>vanderws@msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><role>principal contact</role></associatedParty><pubDate>2026-05-16</pubDate><abstract><section><title>Dataset Abstract</title><para></para><para>original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/203</para></section></abstract><keywordSet><keyword keywordType="place">LTER</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">KBS</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Kellogg Biological Station</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Hickory Corners</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Michigan</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Great Lakes</keyword></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword keywordType="theme">moisture</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">rex</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">rainout</keyword></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword>Disturbance</keyword><keyword>Primary Production</keyword><keywordThesaurus>LTER Core Research Area</keywordThesaurus></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword keywordType="theme">farming</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">biota</keyword><keywordThesaurus>https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15</keywordThesaurus></keywordSet><intellectualRights><para>This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.</para></intellectualRights><licensed><licenseName>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</licenseName><url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</url><identifier>CC-BY-4.0</identifier></licensed><coverage><geographicCoverage><geographicDescription>The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan</geographicDescription><boundingCoordinates><westBoundingCoordinate>-85.404699</westBoundingCoordinate><eastBoundingCoordinate>-85.366857</eastBoundingCoordinate><northBoundingCoordinate>42.420265</northBoundingCoordinate><southBoundingCoordinate>42.391019</southBoundingCoordinate></boundingCoordinates></geographicCoverage><temporalCoverage><rangeOfDates><beginDate><calendarDate>2021-07-01</calendarDate></beginDate><endDate><calendarDate>2024-09-19</calendarDate></endDate></rangeOfDates></temporalCoverage></coverage><contact><organizationName>Kellogg Biological Station</organizationName><positionName>Data Manager</positionName><electronicMailAddress>lter.data.manager@kbs.msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><onlineUrl>http://lter.kbs.msu.edu</onlineUrl><userId directory="https://ror.org/">02vkce854</userId></contact><publisher><organizationName>KBS LTER</organizationName></publisher><project><title>LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in Agroecosystems</title><personnel><organizationName/><role>program</role></personnel><award><funderName>National Science Foundation</funderName><funderIdentifier>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001</funderIdentifier><awardNumber>DEB 2224712</awardNumber><title>LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in Agroecosystems</title><awardUrl>https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalse</awardUrl></award></project><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/680</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Hourly volumetric soil moisturements from the REX experiment (KBS140-001)</entityName><entityDescription>We installed CS655 probes in the footprints of the REX experiment. All probes represent the 0 to 15 cm depth.</entityDescription><physical><objectName>Hourly+volumetric+soil+moisturements+from+the+REX+experiment.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>31</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/680.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>experiment</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Experiment name</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>Experiment name</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>plot</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Plot name</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>Plot name</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>sample_datetime</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Time and dates of the measurements (UTC)</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>vwc</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Volumetric water content</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>cubicMeterPerCubicMeter</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>ec</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Electrical Conductivity</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>deciSimensPerMeter</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>temperature</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Soil temperature in the top 15 cm</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>celsius</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>permittivity</attributeName><attributeDefinition>dielectric permittivity of the soil (in C2N-1m-2) divided by the dielectric permittivity of a vacuum (8.85E-12 C2N-1m-2).</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>dimensionless</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>sample_id</attributeName><attributeDefinition>unique sample_id for the measurement.</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>unique sample_id for the measurement.</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>comment</attributeName><attributeDefinition>note about the observation</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>note about the observation</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>address</attributeName><attributeDefinition>The sensor address (nternal use)</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>The sensor address (nternal use)</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/794</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: REX ANPP (KBS140-002)</entityName><entityDescription>Annual crop total biomass and grain yields from the Rain Exclusion eXperiment (REX), from the continuous no-till (T2) treatment within the Main Cropping System Experiment (MCSE). Crop biomass was sampled within a 1m2 quadrat at harvest time after being exposed to three different rainfall regimes (Drought, Variable Rainfall, and Irrigated Control) over the course of the growing season. Total biomass includes stover mass and grain yields. 
</entityDescription><physical><objectName>REX+ANP.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>28</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/794.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>sample_date</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the day the sample was removed from the field</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY-MM-DD</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>treatment</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the MCSE treatment</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the MCSE treatment</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>replicate</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the MCSE replicate plot</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the MCSE replicate plot</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>subplot</attributeName><attributeDefinition>The REX footprint</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>The REX footprint</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>species</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the  plant species</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the  plant species</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>fraction</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the plant fraction</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the plant fraction</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>biomass_g_m2</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the biomass harvested</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>gramsPerSquareMeter</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>comments</attributeName><attributeDefinition>Comments about the observation</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>Comments about the observation</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>area_sampled_m2</attributeName><attributeDefinition>The size of the sample area</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>squareMeter</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/797</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: REX Stand Counts (LTER140_003)</entityName><entityDescription>Stand counts of the REX plots were taken to estimate the plant populations in the REX footprints. This can serve as a covariate against yield or other plant parameters.</entityDescription><physical><objectName>REX+Stand+Counts.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>26</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/797.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>sample_date</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the sample data</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY-MM-DD</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>treatment</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the main plot treatment</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the main plot treatment</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>replicate</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the main plot replicate</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the main plot replicate</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>subplot</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the sub plot treatment</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the sub plot treatment</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>species</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the species counted</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the species counted</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>number_of_stems_m2</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the number of stems per square meter</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>numberPerMeterSquared</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>integer</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>area_sampled_m2</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the size of the area sampled in square meters</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>squareMeter</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/798</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: REX anpp (LTER140_004)</entityName><entityDescription>Annual peak biomass harvest from the T2 plots of the REX experiment.</entityDescription><physical><objectName>REX+anp.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>28</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/798.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>sample_date</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the sample date</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY-MM-DD</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>treatment</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the main plot treatment</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the main plot treatment</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>replicate</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the main plot replicate</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the main plot replicate</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>subplot</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the REX subplot treatment</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the REX subplot treatment</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>species</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the species sampled</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the species sampled</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>fraction</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the part of the plant that is sampled</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>the part of the plant that is sampled</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>biomass_g_m2</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the biomass in grams per meter squared</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>gramsPerSquareMeter</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>area_sampled_m2</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the size of the area sampled</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>squareMeter</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>comments</attributeName><attributeDefinition>comments about the observation</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>comments about the observation</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable><usageCitation><bibtex>@article{citation_4206,
  author = {Sierra Perez and Mark Hammond and Jennifer Lau},
  title = {Precipitation anomalies may affect productivity resilience by shifting plant community properties},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Ecology},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.14471}
}
</bibtex></usageCitation><usageCitation><bibtex>@thesis{citation_4247,
  author = {Sierra Perez},
  title = {Resilience mechanisms of grassland plant communities to global change},
  publisher = {Indiana University},
  year = {2025},
  series = {Dissertation}
}
</bibtex></usageCitation></dataset><additionalMetadata><metadata><stmml:unitList xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1" xmlns="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1 http://nis.lternet.edu/schemas/EML/eml-2.1.0/stmml.xsd"><stmml:unit id="cubicMeterPerCubicMeter" name="cubicMeterPerCubicMeter"/><stmml:unit id="deciSimensPerMeter" name="deciSimensPerMeter"/><stmml:unit id="voltPerVolt" name="voltPerVolt"/></stmml:unitList></metadata></additionalMetadata></eml:eml>