uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/22.emlNicholasHaddadMichigan State University

3700 E Gull Lake DriveHickory Corners49060US

haddad@kbs.msu.edu0000-0002-1591-9322SieglindeSnappMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMichigan49060US

snapp@msu.edu0000-0002-9738-0649RichardHarwoodMichigan State University

East LansingMichiganUS

rharwood@msu.eduoriginal investigatorStaceyVanderWulpMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 671-2339(269) 671-2333vanderws@msu.eduprincipal contactG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895original investigator2026-10-11

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/22

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesplantcodesidentificationpantcodeplantcodePrimary ProductionDisturbancePopulationsLTER Core Research Areaplant growth plant annual net primary production aboveground production aboveground biomass primary productivity anpp primary production agriculture biomassfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910191990-01-012025-09-17Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERAboveground net primary production (ANPP) is a measure of plant carbon (and energy) capture as estimated by annual biomass accumulation. For herbaceous plants, whether annual or perennial, aboveground plant material is hand-clipped at peak biomass, oven dried, and weighed. For woody plants, both wood and leaf production must be measured. Wood production is estimated using allometric equations that predict annual changes in mass based on annual changes in stem diameter. Leaf production is estimated by collecting litterfall in traps placed on the ground. ANPP is expressed as plant dry mass accumulated per unit area per year (g/m2/y). Sampling frequency: Depends on MCSE treatment; a minimum of once per growing season, at peak biomass prior to harvest or as described below, or throughout the growing season for crops with multiple harvests. Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/191Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/27Sampling Frequency: minimum of once during each growing season Ecosystem net primary production is estimated by annual maximum plant biomass accumulation. Plant biomass is measured in the growing season (May-October) by quantifying the peak dry mass of plants per unit area in each plot. Multiple sampling stations in each plot are sampled for plant biomass (only one station per plot sampled prior to 1990). Plant biomass is quantified by hand-clipping (crop and/or weeds) or via allometric measurements (poplar trees). At clipping, all plants within the sample area are cut at ground level and placed in labeled paper bags. Species identification is determined based on Gleason and Cronquist (1991) and Voss (1972, 1985, and 1996). The Kellogg Biological Station plant reference collection has also used for species identification. Plant biomass is dried at 60 ° C for 48 h and weighed. Forest system biomass is measured using diameter at breast height and allometric equations. Litter fall is recorded from poplar and forest systems.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/111programNational Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001DEB 2224712https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalsehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/36Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Standardized Plant Species Codes (KBS019-000)Short semi-descriptive sequences of letters used as standardized codes for the plant species encountered in the KBS LTER and GLBRC Experiments. Standardized+Plant+Species+Codes.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/36.csvCodeSpecies code used at KBSSpecies code used at KBSFamilyFamily Family GenusGenusGenusSpecific_EpithetSpecific epithetSpecific epithetCommon_Namecommon namecommon nameOtherAlternate nameAlternate nameSpeciesComplete species name and attributionComplete species name and attributionspecies_with_authoritygenus, species plus authoritygenus, species plus authorityOriginWhere the species comes from or native (incomplete)Where the species comes from or native (incomplete)https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/39Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Annual Crops and Alfalfa/Switchgrass Biomass (KBS019-003)Aboveground biomass of MCSE annual crops (corn-soybean-wheat; T1-T4) and alfalfa/switchgrass (T6) clipped at ground level. Annual crops are sampled just before harvest near peak biomass and are threshed after drying to separate seed from stover. Alfalfa (1990-2017) was replaced by switchgrass in 2019 after a fallow year (2018). Alfalfa was sampled before crop harvest(s); switchgrass is sampled at peak biomass. See Related Tables for biomass of non-crop species in samples.Anual+Crops+and+Alfalfa/Switchgras+Biomas.csvNone341\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/39.csvYearyear of the growing season relevant for the sampleYYYY11987-4-18Campaigna major multi-year research activity with a discreet purposea major multi-year research activity with a discreet purposeDatedate on which sampling occuredYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Treatmentmain experimental treatmentmain experimental treatmentReplicatereplicate block, nested within treatmentreplicate block, nested within treatmentStationreplicate station, nested within blockreplicate station, nested within blockSpeciescrop species collectedcrop species collectedFractiona specified component of total plant (or sample) biomassa specified component of total plant (or sample) biomasshttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/40Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Non-crop Biomass (KBS019-004)Aboveground biomass of non-crop species (i.e., species other than main crop and/or cover crop) in MCSE Treatments 1-8 at the LTER Main Site at or near peak biomass. For successional treatments (T7, and T8), non-crop species refers to all species present in the community. Note that Alfalfa (T6, 1990-2017) may have been harvested multiple times during the growing season. Also included are the following categories. “Standing Dead” is the biomass of rooted dead plants that grew in the year sampled but were unidentifiable at harvest. “Surface Litter” is the biomass of loose plant material remaining on the soil surface after clipping that may or may not have grown in the year sampled. "Standing Dead” was first sampled in 1997 and “Surface Litter” in 1998. From 1999 to 2011 plant scraps in samples that could not be identified to species were included in "Standing Dead", but since 2012 they are separated into an “Unsorted” category. Also note in 1998, plants were sorted to functional group rather than species.Non-crop+Biomas.csvNone571\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/40.csvYearyear of the growing season relevant for the sampleYYYY11987-4-18cropcrop that was grown on the main site this year. Useful to distinguish cron years from wheat years and soybean years.crop that was grown on the main site this year. Useful to distinguish cron years from wheat years and soybean years.Campaigna major multi-year research activity with a discreet purposea major multi-year research activity with a discreet purposeDatedate on which sampling occuredYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Treatmentmain experimental treatmentmain experimental treatmentReplicatereplicate block, nested within treatmentreplicate block, nested within treatmentSubplotthe subplot sampled. In T3 and T4 the prarie strips are considered subplotsthe subplot sampled. In T3 and T4 the prarie strips are considered subplotsStationreplicate station, nested within blockreplicate station, nested within blockSpeciesspecies (or taxon) name of the plants sampled, Plants that can not be identified to species are identified to the genus level or above.species (or taxon) name of the plants sampled, Plants that can not be identified to species are identified to the genus level or above.Biomassdry mass of sampled materialgramsPerSquareMeterrealarea_sampled_m2the area of the frame used for samplingsquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/41Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Cover Crop Biomass (KBS019-005)Aboveground biomass of cover crops in the MCSE Reduced Input (T3) and Biologically Based (T4) treatments at the LTER Main Site before their incorporation into soil. Cover crops are planted the preceding year and plowed under the next spring prior to planting corn or soybean. Winter wheat is planted immediately after the soybean harvest, so wheat years have no cover crop biomass data. See Related Tables for biomass of non-cover crop species in samples.Cover+Crop+Biomas.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/41.csvyearyear of the growing season relevant for the sampleYYYY11987-4-18campaigna major multi-year research activity with a discreet purposea major multi-year research activity with a discreet purposedatedate on which sampling occuredYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentmain experimental treatmentmain experimental treatmentreplicatereplicate block, nested within treatmentreplicate block, nested within treatmentstationreplicate station, nested within blockreplicate station, nested within blockspeciesspecies collectedspecies collectedbiomass_gdry mass of sampled material in grams/meter squaredgramsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/46Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Scope of Non-crop Biomass (KBS019-010)Summary of sampling effort represented in the Non-crop Biomass table, by Treatment, Replicate, Station, etc.Scope+of+Non-crop+Biomas.csvNone251\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/46.csvYearrelevant yearYYYY11987-4-18Campaigna major multi-year research activity with a descreet purposea major multi-year research activity with a descreet purposeTreatmentmain experimental treatmentmain experimental treatmentReplicatereplicate block, nested within treatmentreplicate block, nested within treatmentStationreplicate station, nested within blockreplicate station, nested within blockObservationsThe number of observations carried out on this experimental unitnumberintegerhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/50Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Non-Crop (Weed) Species Diversity Index (KBS019-014)Average species diversity as computed by the Shannon-Weaver H index based on the biomass of each species compared to the total biomass per station. This dataset is based on Non Crop Biomass.Non-Crop+(Wed)+Species+Diversity+Index.csvNone241\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/50.csvyearyear the samples were takenYYYY11987-4-18campaignsample campaignsample campaigntreatmenttreatment sampledtreatment sampledreplicatethe replicate plotthe replicate plotavg_haverage Shannon-Weaver H indexdimensionlessrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/290Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Temporal Harvest of Non-crop Species (KBS019-018)Biomass of non-crop species during the growing season and at peak biomass in MCSE Treatments 1-5, 7, and 8 at the LTER Main Site and at the Mid-successional (TSF) site to examine temporal distribution of species and biomass. Includes two harvests in 1990, 1992,1995, and 1996 for all treatments and four harvests in 1994 for Treatment 7 only. Temporal+Harvest+of+Non-crop+Species.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/290.csvYearThe sample yearYYYY11987-4-18campaignThe sample campaign that the sample was collected inThe sample campaign that the sample was collected inDateThe sample dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Treatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentReplicateThe replicate of the plot sampledThe replicate of the plot sampledStationThe sampling station within the plotThe sampling station within the plotSpeciesThe species collectedThe species collectedBiomassThe amount of biomass collected in grams per square metergramsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/237Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Top Non-crop species by Biomass (KBS019-019)This datatable is derived from KBS019-004 it includes the average species proportion and the treatment species proportion. The treatment species proportion is calculated by diving the total biomass of the species for the whole treatment by the total biomass for that treatment. This table excludes standing dead biomass (which is part of the current year's biomass) and surface litter (which may not be part of the current year's biomas).Top+Non-crop+species+by+Biomas.csvNone241\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/237.csvYearThe sample yearYYYY11987-4-18Treatmentmain experimental treatmentmain experimental treatmentSpeciesThe species observedThe species observedProportionThe proportion of this species by biomass in the treatmentgramsPerGramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/291Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Biomass Compilation of Herbaceous Systems (KBS019-021)Compilation of crop biomass, cover crop and non-crop biomass of MCSE Treatments 1-4 and 6-8 at the LTER Main Site to provide a consolidated view of the annual biomass production of the herbaceous cropping systems. The herbaceous understory (non-crop biomass) of the Poplar treatment (T5) and the Mid-successional (TSF) site is also included. Plant biomass is listed for the "Whole" aboveground plant material for each species; for crop species, the biomass of "Seed" and/or "Stover" may also be included. For this table, “Surface Litter” is removed from the non-crop biomass. ‘Standing Dead’ is included and represents the biomass of rooted dead plants that cannot be identified to species; it may also include plant scraps that could not be identified after sorting. Biomas+Compilation+of+Herbaceous+Systems.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/291.csvYearsample yearYYYY11987-4-18Campaignsampling campaignsampling campaignDatedate the sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Treatmenttreatment of the sampled plottreatment of the sampled plotReplicatereplicate of the sampled plotreplicate of the sampled plotStationsampling station within the plotsampling station within the plotSpeciesspecies collectedspecies collectedFractionplant fraction collected (WHOLE, SEED, VEG)plant fraction collected (WHOLE, SEED, VEG)Biomass_gmeasured biomass in grams per meter squaredgramsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/311Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Early Successional (T7) Post Frost Biomass (KBS019-023)Post-frost biomass of plants and surface litter in the MCSE Early Successional treatment (T7) is sampled as an estimate of the minimum harvestable biomass for cellulosic biofuel feedstock production. Since 2008, post-frost samples are collected after the air temperature dips below -2.2 C or 28 F at least once. Plants are not sorted to species but are separated from the surface litter; both fractions are weighed separately, and reported by sampling station (S1-S5) since 2012 and averaged across stations from 2008-2011. Pre-frost biomass values are from the non crop biomass and are included for comparison as an estimate of maximum harvestable biomass. The “Unsorted” category in this table is defined as the total biomass of all species plus the unsorted category in the non-crop biomass table. As above, ”Surface litter” is not included in the "Unsorted" category; values are transferred directly from the non-crop biomass table.Early+Sucesional+(T7)+Post+Frost+Biomas.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/311.csvYearThe year the sample was takenYYYY11987-4-18campaignThe name of the sampling campaignThe name of the sampling campaignpre_frost_sample_datedate of the pre frost sampleYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18post_frost_sample_datesample date of the post frost sampleYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentThe Treatment sampledThe Treatment sampledreplicateThe replicate sampledThe replicate sampledstationthe station within the plot that was sampledthe station within the plot that was sampledspeciesThe species observedThe species observedpre_frost_biomassThe peak harvestable biomass.gramsPerSquareMeterrealpost_frost_biomassThe harvestable biomass harvested after the frostgramsPerSquareMeterrealcommentsA comment on this data pointA comment on this data pointhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/678Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Prairie Strip Biomass and Species Composition (KBS019-026)Biomass and species composition of plants in the prairie strips of the MCSE Reduced Input (T3) and Biologically Based (T4) treatments at the LTER Main Site.Prairie+Strip+Biomas+and+Species+Composition.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/678.csvyearyear of collectionyear of collectioncropthe crop grown in this seasonthe crop grown in this seasoncampaignthe sampling campaignthe sampling campaignsample_datesample dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmenttreatment designationtreatment designationreplicatereplicate designationreplicate designationstationThe station designation N(orth), S(outh), C(entral)The station designation N(orth), S(outh), C(entral)speciesthe species collectedthe species collectedbiomass_g_m2biomass collected in grams/meter^2gramsPerSquareMeterrealarea_sampled_m2the area that was sampledsquareMeterrealcommentcomments about the observation and the spreadsheet tab that the data came out of.comments about the observation and the spreadsheet tab that the data came out of.@article{citation_3616, author = {Rosana Ferrero and Mauricio Lima and Adam S Davis and Jose L Gonzalez-Andujar}, title = {Weed diversity affects soybean and maize yield in a long term experiment in Michigan, USA}, year = {2017}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, pages = { 236}, volume = {8}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00236} } @article{citation_3892, author = {D Liang and Yang Ouyang and L K Tiemann and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Niche differentiation of bacterial versus archaeal soil nitrifiers induced by ammonium inhibition along a management gradient}, year = {2020}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, pages = {568588}, volume = {11}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.568588} } @article{citation_4201, author = {Cynthia M Fiser and Nathan L Haan and Douglas A Landis}, title = {Long-term agricultural management reduces abundance and alters community structure of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)}, year = {2025}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}, volume = {379}, number = {109337}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2024.109337} } @article{citation_4209, author = {Corinn E Rutkoski and Sarah E Evans}, title = {Prairie strips quickly alter soil bacterial and fungal communities in strips, but not in surrounding cropland}, year = {2025}, journal = {Applied Soil Ecology}, pages = {105842}, volume = {206}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105842} } @thesis{citation_4222, author = {Cynthia M Fiser}, title = {Effect of conservation-oriented management on Carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities in agricultural landscapes}, publisher = {Michigan State University}, year = {2025}, series = {Dissertation} }