uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/23.emlNicholasHaddadMichigan State University

3700 E Gull Lake DriveHickory Corners49060US

haddad@kbs.msu.edu0000-0002-1591-9322SieglindeSnappMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMichigan49060US

snapp@msu.edu0000-0002-9738-0649JosephSimmonsMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060

(269) 671-2528(269)671-2104simmonsj@kbs.msu.eduprincipal contactG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895original investigatorStaceyVanderWulpMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 671-2339(269) 671-2333vanderws@msu.eduprincipal contact2026-05-13

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/23

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesbiomassprimaryproductionyieldscornsoybeanwheatprairiestripsPrimary ProductionDisturbanceLTER Core Research Areagrain yield agriculturefarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910191989-07-172025-07-22Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERSampling Frequency: minimum of once per year Harvestable biomass in each cropped plot is measured at the time of crop harvest. For grains, the agricultural grain harvester is fitted with a GPS-referenced yield monitoring system to provide yield maps for each 1 ha treatment plot. Additionally, grain is off-loaded into weigh wagons and weighed at the KBS dairy . Alfalfa and wheat straw is measured on a gravimetric basis per plot after it has been cut and baled. Gravimetric moisture content is measured and subtracted from the biomass and the harvestable biomass estimate presented as dry weight alfalfa or straw per area.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/29Agronomic yields are defined as the crop grain and non-grain biomass harvested in a given growing cycle and serve as the basic measurement for comparing production differences among treatments. For annual row-cropping systems of corn, soybean and wheat, yield is determined as the grain biomass collected during harvest; for annual sorghum, yield is determined as the non-grain biomass harvested. For perennial crops, including monoculture systems, such as switchgrass and miscanthus, and polyculture systems that are harvested annually, such as restored prairie, native grasses,and early successional (GLBRC only), yield is determined as the biomass harvested at the end of the growing season. For alfalfa, harvested several times per year, yield is the sum of biomass harvested over the growing season. For woody cropping systems of short-rotation poplar, annual yield is determined as the biomass collected at clear-cutting divided by the number of years of growth. Crops are harvested using commercial sized equipment; for the specific harvesters and equipment used see the Agronomic Activity Report (KBS004-012) or search the Ag-log at https://aglog.kbs.msu.edu/ for Harvest under the Observations tab. Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/194programNational Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001DEB 2224712https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalsehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/51Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields of Annual Crops (KBS020-001)Agronomic yields of MCSE corn-soybean-winter wheat rotations (T1-T4), managed differently, and harvested with commercial-sized farming equipment. Prior to 2017, yields were recorded for the east half of the plot only; since 2017, yields are from the whole plot. Note that yields are reported at standard moisture and need to be converted if dry mass units are needed. In 2019, prairie strips (15’ x 300’) were established down the center of all T3 and T4 plots. We report yields in two ways to capture the economic yield: one based on the crop area harvested (crop only) and one based on the whole plot area which includes prairie strips in T3 and T4.Agronomic+Yields+of+Anual+Crops.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/51.csvDateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18TreatmenttreatmenttreatmentReplicatereplicatereplicateCropcrop species collectedcrop species collectedcrop_only_yield_bu_AThis yield is based on the crop area. Crop kernel/seed harvested at crop harvest in bu/A (at standardized moisture for corn 15.5%, wheat/soybean 13%; conversions for corn: 56 pounds/bushel wheat/soybeans: 60 pounds/bushel)bushelPerAcre0.5realcrop_only_yield_kg_haThis yield is based on the crop area. Crop kernel/seed harvested at crop harvest in kg/ha (at standardized moisture for corn 15.5%, wheat/soybean 13%)kilogramsPerHectare10.0realwhole_plot_yield_bu_AThis yield is based on including the area of the 15-foot wide prairie strips in the denominator of the yield calculation (at standardized moisture for corn 15.5%, wheat/soybean 13%).bushelPerAcrerealwhole_plot_yield_kg_haThis yield is based on including the area of of the 15-foot prairie strips in the denominator of the yield calculation (at standardized moisture for corn 15.5%, wheat/soybean 13%).kilogramsPerHectarerealYearcrop yearYYYY11987-4-18https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/158Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields of Alfalfa (KBS020-003)Dry matter yields from machine harvests of the MCSE Alfalfa treatment (T6). Note some years have multiple harvests per year and some years are missing due to management as a 5- to 6-year rotation with winter wheat as a 1-year break cropAgronomic+Yields+of+Alfalfa.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/158.csvdatedate of the harvestYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmenttreatmenttreatmentreplicatereplicatereplicatecropcrop harvestedcrop harvestedyield_t_hadry yield in metric tons per hectaretonnePerHectarerealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/407Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields of Wheat Straw (KBS020-005)Dry matter wheat straw yields for entire plots of MCSE Treatments 1 and 2 when wheat is grown in rotation. Since 2004, wheat straw is harvested, baled and weighed in T1 and T2 plots using commercial-sized farming equipment; it is chopped back into T3 and T4 plots. Before 2004, it was baled and removed from all treatments.Agronomic+Yields+of+Wheat+Straw.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/407.csvdatethe harvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentTreatment codeTreatment codedescriptionTreatment descriptionTreatment descriptionreplicatereplicatereplicatecropthe cropthe cropyield_kg_hastraw yield in kg/hakilogramsPerHectarerealyearthe year the crop was harvestedYYYY11987-4-18https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/704Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields of Switchgrass (KBS020-006)Dry matter yields of the MCSE Switchgrass (T6) treatment, planted in 2019 after a fallow year following conversion from alfalfa. Also included are yields from two subplots (located on the north end of main plot) to examine the effects of no fertilizer (’unfertilized microplot’ vs ‘fertilized sample area’) on switchgrass yields. The moisture content of microplot harvests is determined at the time of harvest by taking grab samples and drying; the moisture content of main plot harvests is determined at the time of baling (ie. after several days of drying in the field).Agronomic+Yields+of+Switchgras.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/704.csvsample_datethe harvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentthe treatment identifierthe treatment identifierreplicatethe replicatethe replicatemain_or_microplotthe subplotthe subplotspeciesthe crop harvestedthe crop harvestedmoisture_fractionthe moisture fraction of the plant or haylage (for the main plots, it is determined when baling the crop after several days of drying, for the microplots it is the moisture when the plant is cut)gramsPerGramrealyield_metric_tons_hathe dry biomass yield in metric tons per hectaretonnePerHectarereal@article{citation_3616, author = {Rosana Ferrero and Mauricio Lima and Adam S Davis and Jose L Gonzalez-Andujar}, title = {Weed diversity affects soybean and maize yield in a long term experiment in Michigan, USA}, year = {2017}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, pages = { 236}, volume = {8}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00236} } @article{citation_3585, author = {Alexandra N Kravchenko and Sieglinde S Snapp and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems}, year = {2017}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA}, pages = {926-931}, volume = {114}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1612311114} } @data{citation_3696, author = {A N Kravchenko and S S Snapp and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Data from: Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems}, year = {2017}, journal = {Dryad Digital Repository}, volume = {https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gh90f5f}, doi = {10.5061/dryad.gh90f5f} }