<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><eml:eml xmlns:eml="https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.2.0" xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.2.0 https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/docs/eml-2.2.0/eml.xsd" packageId="knb-lter-kbs.37.46" system="KBS LTER"><access scope="document" order="allowFirst" authSystem="knb"><allow><principal>uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org</principal><permission>all</permission></allow><allow><principal>uid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org</principal><permission>all</permission></allow><allow><principal>public</principal><permission>read</permission></allow></access><dataset><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/40.eml</alternateIdentifier><title>Precision Agriculture Yield Monitoring in Row Crop Agriculture at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI  (1996 to 2025)</title><creator><individualName><givenName>Nicholas</givenName><surName>Haddad</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><deliveryPoint>3700 E Gull Lake Drive</deliveryPoint><city>Hickory Corners</city><postalCode>49060</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone"></phone><phone phonetype="fax"></phone><electronicMailAddress>haddad@kbs.msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0002-1591-9322</userId></creator><creator><individualName><givenName>Alexandra</givenName><surName>Kravchenko</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><city>East Lansing</city><administrativeArea>MI</administrativeArea><postalCode>48824</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone">(517) 355-0271 x1241</phone><phone phonetype="fax"></phone><electronicMailAddress>kravche1@msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0001-5920-927X</userId></creator><associatedParty><individualName><givenName>G.</givenName><surName>Robertson</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><deliveryPoint>3700 East Gull Lake Drive</deliveryPoint><city>Hickory Corners</city><administrativeArea>MI</administrativeArea><postalCode>49060</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone">(269) 760-8364</phone><phone phonetype="fax">(269)671-2351</phone><electronicMailAddress>robert30@msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0001-9771-9895</userId><role>original investigator</role></associatedParty><associatedParty><individualName><givenName>Sven</givenName><surName>Bohm</surName></individualName><organizationName>Michigan State University</organizationName><address><deliveryPoint>3700 East Gull Lake Drive</deliveryPoint><city>Hickory Corners</city><administrativeArea>MI</administrativeArea><postalCode>49060</postalCode><country>US</country></address><phone phonetype="phone">(269) 205-3821</phone><phone phonetype="fax">(269 )671-2333</phone><electronicMailAddress>bohms@ideomatic.dev</electronicMailAddress><userId directory="http://orcid.org">0000-0002-6224-7848</userId><role>principal contact</role></associatedParty><pubDate>2026-10-05</pubDate><abstract><section><title>Dataset Abstract</title><para></para><para>original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/40</para></section></abstract><keywordSet><keyword keywordType="place">LTER</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">KBS</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Kellogg Biological Station</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Hickory Corners</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Michigan</keyword><keyword keywordType="place">Great Lakes</keyword></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword keywordType="theme">biomass</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">GPS</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">GIS</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">gps</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">primary</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">production</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">yields</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">global</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">positioning</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">system</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">gis</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">harvests</keyword></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword>Primary Production</keyword><keyword>Disturbance</keyword><keywordThesaurus>LTER Core Research Area</keywordThesaurus></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword>locations</keyword><keyword>GPS</keyword><keyword>harvests</keyword><keyword>yield</keyword><keyword>harvesting</keyword><keyword>GIS</keyword><keyword>geographic information systems</keyword><keyword>global positioning system</keyword><keyword>agriculture</keyword></keywordSet><keywordSet><keyword keywordType="theme">farming</keyword><keyword keywordType="theme">biota</keyword><keywordThesaurus>https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15</keywordThesaurus></keywordSet><intellectualRights><para>Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.</para><para>All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.</para></intellectualRights><coverage><geographicCoverage><geographicDescription>The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan</geographicDescription><boundingCoordinates><westBoundingCoordinate>-85.404699</westBoundingCoordinate><eastBoundingCoordinate>-85.366857</eastBoundingCoordinate><northBoundingCoordinate>42.420265</northBoundingCoordinate><southBoundingCoordinate>42.391019</southBoundingCoordinate></boundingCoordinates></geographicCoverage><temporalCoverage><rangeOfDates><beginDate><calendarDate>1996-10-29</calendarDate></beginDate><endDate><calendarDate>2013-07-24</calendarDate></endDate></rangeOfDates></temporalCoverage></coverage><contact><organizationName>Kellogg Biological Station</organizationName><positionName>Data Manager</positionName><electronicMailAddress>lter.data.manager@kbs.msu.edu</electronicMailAddress><onlineUrl>http://lter.kbs.msu.edu</onlineUrl><userId directory="https://ror.org/">02vkce854</userId></contact><publisher><organizationName>KBS LTER</organizationName></publisher><methods><methodStep><description>Sampling Frequency: minimum of once per year
Harvestable biomass in each cropped plot is measured at the time of crop harvest. For grains, the agricultural grain harvester is fitted with a GPS-referenced yield monitoring system to provide yield maps for each 1 ha treatment plot. Additionally, grain is off-loaded into weigh wagons and weighed at the KBS dairy . Alfalfa and wheat straw is measured on a gravimetric basis per plot after it has been cut and baled. Gravimetric moisture content is measured and subtracted from the biomass and the harvestable biomass estimate presented as dry weight alfalfa or straw per area.</description><protocol id="protocol_29"><title>MCSE: Harvestable Biomass</title><creator><positionName>Data Manager</positionName></creator><distribution><online><url>http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/29</url></online></distribution></protocol></methodStep><methodStep><description>Agronomic yields are defined as the crop grain and non-grain biomass harvested in a given growing cycle and serve as the basic measurement for comparing production differences among treatments. For annual row-cropping systems of corn, soybean and wheat, yield is determined as the grain biomass collected during harvest; for annual sorghum, yield is determined as the non-grain biomass harvested. For perennial crops, including monoculture systems, such as switchgrass and miscanthus, and polyculture systems that are harvested annually, such as restored prairie, native grasses,and early successional (GLBRC only), yield is determined as the biomass harvested at the end of the growing season. For alfalfa, harvested several times per year, yield is the sum of biomass harvested over the growing season. For woody cropping systems of short-rotation poplar, annual yield is determined as the biomass collected at clear-cutting divided by the number of years of growth. 
Crops are harvested using commercial sized equipment; for the specific harvesters and equipment used see the Agronomic Activity Report (KBS004-012) or search the Ag-log at https://aglog.kbs.msu.edu/ for Harvest under the Observations tab.	</description><protocol id="protocol_194"><title>Agronomic Yields</title><creator><positionName>Data Manager</positionName></creator><distribution><online><url>http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/194</url></online></distribution></protocol></methodStep></methods><project><title>LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in Agroecosystems</title><personnel><organizationName/><role>program</role></personnel><award><funderName>National Science Foundation</funderName><funderIdentifier>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001</funderIdentifier><awardNumber>DEB 2224712</awardNumber><title>LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in Agroecosystems</title><awardUrl>https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalse</awardUrl></award></project><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/80</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Geo-referenced Annual Crop Yields - Raw Data (KBS037-001)</entityName><entityDescription>Raw data of annual crop harvests of corn, soy and wheat from the Main Cropping System Experiment at the LTER Main Site using the GPS yield monitor on the LTER harvest combine. Data are given as geo-referenced grain flow-rate data which can be used to calculate yield. See the “Related Tables” for processed yield data.</entityDescription><physical><objectName>Geo-referenced+Anual+Crop+Yields+-+Raw+Data.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>35</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/80.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>longitude</attributeName><attributeDefinition>longitude of monitor at time of reading</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit></unit><precision>1.0e-06</precision><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>latitude</attributeName><attributeDefinition>latitude of monitor at time of reading</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit></unit><precision>1.0e-06</precision><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>crop_flow_lb_s</attributeName><attributeDefinition>flow rate of grain passing the sensor</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>poundsPerSecond</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>datetime</attributeName><attributeDefinition>date and time of the sampling</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY-MM-DD</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>duration </attributeName><attributeDefinition>number of seconds since the last reading</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>second</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>integer</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>distance_in</attributeName><attributeDefinition>length of sampled area</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>inch</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>swth_wdth_in</attributeName><attributeDefinition>width of sampled area (swath)</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>inch</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>moisture</attributeName><attributeDefinition>gravimetric moisture of grain</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>gramsPerHectogram</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>status</attributeName><attributeDefinition>header status (up or down)</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>header status (up or down)</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>pass_num</attributeName><attributeDefinition>an number that is incremented on each pass of the field</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>an number that is incremented on each pass of the field</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>serial_number</attributeName><attributeDefinition>serial number of yield monitoring device</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>serial number of yield monitoring device</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>field</attributeName><attributeDefinition>user-assigned designation for sampled field</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>user-assigned designation for sampled field</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>dataset</attributeName><attributeDefinition>user-assigned designation for load within a field</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>user-assigned designation for load within a field</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>product</attributeName><attributeDefinition>user-assigned designation for crop being sampled</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>user-assigned designation for crop being sampled</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>elevation_ft</attributeName><attributeDefinition>altitude of GPS system</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>foot</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/185</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Geo-referenced Annual Crop Yields - Processed (KBS037-002)</entityName><entityDescription>Annual crop harvest yields of corn, soy and wheat from the Main Cropping System Experiment at the LTER Main Site as calculated by the John Deere Ag Office software using the grain flow-rate data as supplied by the GPS yield monitor on the LTER harvest combine (see the data in “Related Tables”).</entityDescription><physical><objectName>Geo-referenced+Anual+Crop+Yields+-+Procesed.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>25</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/185.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>longitude</attributeName><attributeDefinition>sample location</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>latitude</attributeName><attributeDefinition>sample location</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>yield</attributeName><attributeDefinition>grain yield</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>bushelPerAcre</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>species</attributeName><attributeDefinition>harvested crop</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>harvested crop</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>moisture</attributeName><attributeDefinition>grain moisture in percent</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>gramsPerHectogram</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>year</attributeName><attributeDefinition>year the crop was harvested</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable><dataTable><alternateIdentifier system="lter.kbs.msu.edu">https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/828</alternateIdentifier><entityName>Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Geo-referenced Annual Crop Yields - Processed JD (KBS037-003)</entityName><entityDescription>Geo-referenced annual crop yields as reported by the John Deere cloud software. This data table covers the LTER MCSE.</entityDescription><physical><objectName>Geo-referenced+Anual+Crop+Yields+-+Procesed+JD.csv</objectName><encodingMethod>None</encodingMethod><dataFormat><textFormat><numHeaderLines>32</numHeaderLines><numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines><recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation><simpleDelimited><fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter><collapseDelimiters>no</collapseDelimiters><quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter><literalCharacter>\</literalCharacter></simpleDelimited></textFormat></dataFormat><distribution><online><url>https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/828.csv</url></online></distribution></physical><attributeList><attribute><attributeName>longitude</attributeName><attributeDefinition>decimal longitude WSG84 datum</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><customUnit>degrees latitude or longitude</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>latitude</attributeName><attributeDefinition>decimal latitude WSG84 datum</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><customUnit>degrees latitude or longitude</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>yield_bu_ac</attributeName><attributeDefinition>wet yield</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>bushelPerAcre</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>crop</attributeName><attributeDefinition>crop name</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>crop name</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>variety</attributeName><attributeDefinition>variety name as recorded during harvest</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>variety name as recorded during harvest</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>moisture</attributeName><attributeDefinition>percent moisture measured by the yield monitor</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>gramsPerHectogram</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>percent_dry_matter</attributeName><attributeDefinition>percent dry matter as calculated by the yield monitor</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><customUnit>gramsPerHectogram</customUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>sample_datetime</attributeName><attributeDefinition>harvest datetime</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><dateTime><formatString>YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ssZ</formatString><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision><dateTimeDomain><bounds><minimum exclusive="true">1987-4-18</minimum></bounds></dateTimeDomain></dateTime></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>heading</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the direction the machine is traveling. I think that 0 is north.</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><interval><unit><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></interval></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>distance_ft</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the distance the machine traveled for this datapoint</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>foot</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>swath_width_ft</attributeName><attributeDefinition>the width of the harvester head</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><ratio><unit><standardUnit>foot</standardUnit></unit><numericDomain><numberType>real</numberType></numericDomain></ratio></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>treatment</attributeName><attributeDefinition>MCSE treatment name</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>MCSE treatment name</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute><attribute><attributeName>replicate</attributeName><attributeDefinition>MCSE replicate name</attributeDefinition><measurementScale><nominal><nonNumericDomain><textDomain><definition>MCSE replicate name</definition></textDomain></nonNumericDomain></nominal></measurementScale></attribute></attributeList></dataTable></dataset><additionalMetadata><metadata><stmml:unitList xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1" xmlns="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1 http://nis.lternet.edu/schemas/EML/eml-2.1.0/stmml.xsd"><stmml:unit id="poundsPerSecond" name="poundsPerSecond"/><stmml:unit id="gramsPerHectogram" name="gramsPerHectogram"/><stmml:unit id="degrees latitude or longitude" name="degrees latitude or longitude"/></stmml:unitList></metadata></additionalMetadata></eml:eml>