uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/45.emlSieglindeSnappMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMichigan49060US

snapp@msu.edu0000-0002-9738-0649RichardHarwoodMichigan State University

East LansingMichiganUS

rharwood@msu.eduoriginal investigator2026-08-08

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/45

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakessoilsoiltexturesoilhorizonsoilclassificationDisturbanceOrganic MatterInorganic NutrientsPrimary ProductionLTER Core Research Areacornzea mayssoybeanwheatclovernutrientsnitratecarbon mineralizationharvestsoil horizonssoil nutrientsbiomassabove ground net primary productionprimary productionyieldsryesoil solution chemistryfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910191992-01-012014-01-01Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/169Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/170Soil total carbon and nitrogen as well as the ratio of C:N are important attributes of soil fertility. Both total C and N are measured by a combustion method that does not differentiate between organic and inorganic forms of the elements. In most soils, inorganic N is a tiny fraction of total N so total N is synonymous with organic N. Inorganic C, on the other hand, can be a significant portion of total C in soils with carbonate minerals. Extensive testing of KBS surface soils has shown soil inorganic C to be non-detectable; thus total C in KBS surface soils is synonymous with total organic carbon (TOC). However, carbonates may still be present in deep or recently limed soils, which must be tested for inorganic carbon and, if present, the carbonates removed via acid fumigation (described below) prior to total C analysis. Inorganic C can also be analyzed separately via the inorganic C protocol. To measure total C and N, subsamples of dried, finely ground soil are weighed into small foil capsules that are combusted in an automated CHN analyzer that measures the amount of released CO2 and N2 by gas chromatography. Final values are expressed as the percentage of carbon or nitrogen in dry soil. If inorganic C has been confirmed to be absent, removed, or analyzed separately and subtracted, values can be expressed as total organic C. Sampling frequency depends on experiment and research objectives. Since 2001, soils of the LTER Main Cropping System Experiment are analyzed for total C and N as part of the decadal deep soil core (whole profile) sampling program, usually in late fall of wheat years.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/37Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/147The Costech Elemental Combustion System 4010 is an automated combustion analyzer used to determine total carbon and nitrogen in soil and plant samples. This system employees a helium carrier gas to bring combustion gases to a gas chromatographic separation column and thermal conductivity detector. More information about the analyzer can be obtained from Costech Analytical Technologies (26074 Avenue Hall, Suite 13, Valencia, CA 91355 – USA or http://www.costechanalytical.com/) For preparation and analysis of plant material, see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/40. For preparation and analysis of soil, see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/37.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/148Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/171Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/172Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/173Surface (0-25 cm) soil samples are typically collected in the fall, composited by plot, and sent to an analytical laboratory for analysis and for nutrient and liming recommendations for field crops. Analyses include pH, lime index, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. Samples collected in the fall provide liming and fertilizer recommendations for the following year. Deep cores (0-100 cm) are collected every 5-10 years and samples are analyzed separately by depth interval to monitor longer-term changes in composition with depth. Sampling frequency: Depends on experiment and research objective. Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/178Sampling Frequency: minimum of once per year Harvestable biomass in each cropped plot is measured at the time of crop harvest. For grains, the agricultural grain harvester is fitted with a GPS-referenced yield monitoring system to provide yield maps for each 1 ha treatment plot. Additionally, grain is off-loaded into weigh wagons and weighed at the KBS dairy . Alfalfa and wheat straw is measured on a gravimetric basis per plot after it has been cut and baled. Gravimetric moisture content is measured and subtracted from the biomass and the harvestable biomass estimate presented as dry weight alfalfa or straw per area.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/29Agronomic yields are defined as the crop grain and non-grain biomass harvested in a given growing cycle and serve as the basic measurement for comparing production differences among treatments. For annual row-cropping systems of corn, soybean and wheat, yield is determined as the grain biomass collected during harvest; for annual sorghum, yield is determined as the non-grain biomass harvested. For perennial crops, including monoculture systems, such as switchgrass and miscanthus, and polyculture systems that are harvested annually, such as restored prairie, native grasses,and early successional (GLBRC only), yield is determined as the biomass harvested at the end of the growing season. For alfalfa, harvested several times per year, yield is the sum of biomass harvested over the growing season. For woody cropping systems of short-rotation poplar, annual yield is determined as the biomass collected at clear-cutting divided by the number of years of growth. Crops are harvested using commercial sized equipment; for the specific harvesters and equipment used see the Agronomic Activity Report (KBS004-012) or search the Ag-log at https://aglog.kbs.msu.edu/ for Harvest under the Observations tab. Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/194programNational Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001DEB 2224712https%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalsehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/88Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Classification (KBS042-001)In 1992 the Living Field Laboratory site was mapped for soil texture, horizon identification, and soil classification on the plots that were selected for lysimeter installation. These plots were mapped prior to the installation of the lysimeters. The remaining plots were mapped in the spring of 1993.Soil+Clasification.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/88.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDOtherPlotIDadditional identification of the plotadditional identification of the plotRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeapprox_sample_datedate each plot was surveyed and classifiedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Soil_Classificationsoil type determined by information contained in the texture file (see classification description)soil type determined by information contained in the texture file (see classification description)https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/89Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Class Descriptions (KBS042-002)Soil+Clas+Descriptions.csvNone211\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/89.csvClassificationThe soil seriesThe soil seriesClassification_DescriptionThe soil descriptionThe soil descriptionhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/90Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Texture by Horizon (KBS042-003)Soil texture by horizon and depth of soils of the Living Field Lab Experiment.Soil+Texture+by+Horizon.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/90.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDOtherPlotIDadditional identification of the plotadditional identification of the plotRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeDate_Surveyeddate each plot was surveyed and classifiedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Horizonname assigned to the horizon based on soil properties name assigned to the horizon based on soil properties Depthdepth measured for each horizoncentimeterrealTextureidentification based on texture-by-feel method (see Texture Description)identification based on texture-by-feel method (see Texture Description)https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/91Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Texture Descriptions (KBS042-004)Texture+Descriptions.csvNone211\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/91.csvTexture_KeyundescribedundescribedTextureundescribedundescribedhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/92Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Tillage (KBS042-005)Tillage consists of chisel plow, field cultivate, row cultivate, and rotary hoe on various plots. All equipment provided by KBS. Tilage.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/92.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlot IDPlot IDRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springFall_CropCrop planted in the fallCrop planted in the fallTillage_DateDate tillage was doneYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Tillage_TypeThe type of tillage done on each plotThe type of tillage done on each plothttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/93Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Planting Log (KBS042-006)Log of planting date,rate, seed variety, management,etc. on the Living Field Lab. Corn and soybeans are planted at a 30 inch row spacing and wheat drilled at a 7 inch spacing.Planting+Log.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/93.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlotPlotRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springFall_CropCrop planted in the fallCrop planted in the fallPlanting_DatesDate each crop was plantedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18RateRate for each crop plantedRate for each crop plantedSeed_VarietyThe variety/type of each seed crop plantedThe variety/type of each seed crop plantedhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/94Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Cover Crop Log (KBS042-007)Log of cover crop planting date, rate, variety, management, etc.  All cover crops are purchased from Michigan State Seed (Grand Ledge, MI). Cover crops are planted on the west half of each plot in 1st year corn, 2nd year corn, and wheat (except for the conventional management plots). The different varieties used included: Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Red clover v. Michigan mammoth (Trifolium pratense L.) Crimson clover Cover+Crop+Log.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/94.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlot IDPlot IDRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springFall_CropCrop planted in the fallCrop planted in the fallCover_Crop_Plant_DateDate cover crop was plantedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Cover_Crop_RateRate of cover crop appliedpoundsPerAcrerealCover_Crop_VarietyVariety/type of cover crop appliedVariety/type of cover crop appliedhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/95Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Fertilizer application on the LFL (KBS042-008)Log of fertilizer date, type, amount, management, etc. Starter fertilizer was applied to corn when planted; nitrogen applied after PSNT (pre sidedress nitrate test) in June. No fertilizer was applied to soybeans. Fertilizer was applied to wheat in early spring; applied in fall at planting through 1994. Lime was applied to all plots on 9/29/1992 at a rate of 2T/a. Fertilizer+aplication+on+the+LFL.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/95.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlot IDPlot IDRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springFall_CropCrop planted in the fallCrop planted in the fallFertilizer_App_DateDate fertilizer was appliedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Actual_AmtThe actual amount of each nutrient applied to each plotpoundsPerAcrerealMaterial_AmtThe amount of fertilizer material applied to each plotThe amount of fertilizer material applied to each plotFert_TypeThe type of fertilizer applied as indicated by the content of each nutrient (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium)The type of fertilizer applied as indicated by the content of each nutrient (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium)https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/96Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Compost (KBS042-009)Log of compost application date, rate, source, management, etc.  Compost is applied to the organic and compost management treatments and is the only nutrient source of these plots. Composted dairy manure is used and is obtained from various sources. The application rate takes into account the %Moisture and the total %N present in the compost. It is applied on the basis of estimated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements. It is applied on a dry weight basis. In 1995 the application rate was determined after correction for sand content. Compost.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/96.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlot IDPlot IDRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springFall_CropCrop planted in the fallCrop planted in the fallCompost_SourceSource of compost appliedSource of compost appliedCompost_App_DateDate compost was appliedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Compost_RateRate of compost appliedRate of compost appliedhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/97Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Herbicides and Pesticides (KBS042-010)Herbicide and pesticide application rate, date, type, etc.Herbicides and pesticides were applied in spring prior to planting; banded herbicides in the fertilizer treatments and broadcast herbicides in the conventional treatments. Applied as needed any time thereafter.Herbicides+and+Pesticides.csvNone321\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/97.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlot IDPlot IDRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springHerbicide_App_DateDate herbicide was appliedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Herbicide_AppThe method of herbicide applicationThe method of herbicide applicationHerbicide_RateThe rate at which the individual herbicide was applied - left blank if mixture used - See Descritpion of mixturesnumberrealHerbicide_Type The type of individual herbicide or mixture of herbicide applied. See Description of mixtures The type of individual herbicide or mixture of herbicide applied. See Description of mixturesPesticide_App_DateDate pesticide was appliedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Pesticide_RateThe rate at which the pesticide was appliedThe rate at which the pesticide was appliedPesticide_TypeThe type of pesticide appliedThe type of pesticide appliedhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/98Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Herbicide and Pesticide Composition (KBS042-011)Components or active ingredients of the herbicides or pesticides.Herbicide+and+Pesticide+Composition.csvNone211\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/98.csvHerbicide_TypeThe short name for a herbicide or herbicide mixThe short name for a herbicide or herbicide mixContentsThe components or active ingredients of the herbicide or herbicide mixThe components or active ingredients of the herbicide or herbicide mixhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/99Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Harvest (KBS042-012)Harvest dates, crop, management, etc.Harvest.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/99.csvYearYear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18PlotPlot IDPlot IDRepField repField repCoverCover crop present or notCover crop present or notMgmntManagement typeManagement typeSpring_CropCrop planted in the springCrop planted in the springHarvest_DateDate each crop was harvestedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/100Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Carbon Mineralization via Lab Incubations (KBS042-013)Measurement of carbon dioxide produced in lab incubations of soils by depth from plots of the Living Field Lab Experiment.Soil+Carbon+Mineralization+via+Lab+Incubations.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/100.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeSpring_Cropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springDepthdepth of soil samplecentimeter1.0realSample_Datedate soil was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Daylaboratory incubation daynumberintegerRate_CO2rate of CO2 evolved per daymilligramsPerDayrealCarbon_CO2CO2 evolved per gm of carbonmilligramsPerGramrealSoil_CO2CO2 evolved per gm of soilmilligramsPerGramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/101Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Nitrogen Mineralization via Lab Incubations - Raw Data (KBS042-014)Soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations in lab incubations of soils with depth from plots of the Living Field Lab Experiment.Soil+Nitrogen+Mineralization+via+Lab+Incubations+-+Raw+Data.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/101.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeSpring_Cropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springDepthdepth of soil samplecentimeter1.0realSample_Datedate soil was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Daylaboratory incubation daynumberintegerNO3inorganic NO3-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealNH4inorganic NH4-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/102Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Total Carbon and Nitrogen (KBS042-015)Total carbon and nitrogen content of soils from the Living Field Lab Experiment.Soil+Total+Carbon+and+Nitrogen.csvNone321\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/102.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeSpring_Cropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springDepthdepth of soil samplecentimeter1.0realSample_Datedate soil was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Ntotal nitrogengramsPerHectogramrealCtotal carbongramsPerHectogramrealCN_Ratioratio of carbon to nitrogennumberrealrotationthe 'current' crop rotationthe 'current' crop rotationhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/103Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Inorganic Nitrogen (KBS042-016)Soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations of soils from the Living Field Lab Experiment.Soil+Inorganic+Nitrogen.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/103.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeSpring_Cropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springDepthdepth of soil samplecentimeterrealSample_Datedate soil was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18NO3inorganic NO3-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealNH4inorganic NH4-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/104Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Inorganic Nitrogen by Depth - Deep Cores (KBS042-017)Soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations with depth in soils of the Living Field Lab Experiment.Soil+Inorganic+Nitrogen+by+Depth+-+Dep+Cores.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/104.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeSpring_Cropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springFall_Cropcrop planted in the fallcrop planted in the fallDepthdepth of soil samplecentimeter1.0realSample_Datedate soil was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18NO3inorganic NO3-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealNH4inorganic NH4-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/105Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Leachate - Nitrate via Suction Lysimeters (KBS042-018)Volume and nitrate concentration of soil water leachate collected from plots of the Living Field Laboratory using suction lysimeters.Soil+Leachate+-+Nitrate+via+Suction+Lysimeters.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/105.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeYear_Plantedyear in which the crop was plantedYYYY11987-4-18Leaching_Cropcrop associated with the leachate volume and NO3 valuecrop associated with the leachate volume and NO3 valueSample_Datedate lysimeter was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Leachatevolume of leachate (water)milliliterrealNO3inorganic NO3-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealCommentsany comments pertinent for each plotany comments pertinent for each plothttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/106Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Leachate - Inorganic Nitrogen via Gravity Lysimeters (KBS042-019)Volume and inorganic nitrogen concentration of soil water leachate collected from the Living Field Laboratory using gravity-fed lysimeters.Soil+Leachate+-+Inorganic+Nitrogen+via+Gravity+Lysimeters.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/106.csvYear_Sampledyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeYear_Plantedyear in which the crop was plantedYYYY11987-4-18Leaching_Cropcrop associated with the leachate volume and all valuescrop associated with the leachate volume and all valuesSample_Datedate lysimeter was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Leachatevolume of leachate (water)milliliterrealNO3inorganic NO3-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealNH4inorganic NH4-NmicrogramsPerKilogramrealPphosphoruspoundsPerAcrerealKpotassiumpoundsPerAcrerealCommentsany comments pertinent for each plotany comments pertinent for each plothttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/107Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Test Lab Analyses - Agronomic (KBS042-020)Soil chemisty test results from Living Field Lab soils.Soil+Test+Lab+Analyses+-+Agronomic.csvNone361\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/107.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeSpring_Cropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springDepthdepth of soil samplecentimeter1.0realSample_Datedate soil was sampledYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18pHpH of the sampledimensionlessrealBpHBuffer pH of the sampledimensionlessrealPphosphoruspoundsPerAcrerealKpotassiumpoundsPerAcrerealCacalciumpoundsPerAcrerealMgmagnesiumpoundsPerAcrerealFeironmicrogramsPerKilogramrealZnzincmicrogramsPerKilogramrealMnmanganesemicrogramsPerKilogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/108Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields (KBS042-021)Agronomic yield data of crops grown in the Living Field Lab Experiment.Agronomic+Yields.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/108.csvYearyear in which the date occursYYYY11987-4-18Plotplot IDplot IDRepfield replicatefield replicateCovercover crop present or notcover crop present or notMgmntmanagement typemanagement typeCropcrop planted in the springcrop planted in the springHarvest_datedate of harvestYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18Yieldamount of crop obtained at harvestkilogramsPerHectare10.0real@article{citation_3585, author = {Alexandra N Kravchenko and Sieglinde S Snapp and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems}, year = {2017}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA}, pages = {926-931}, volume = {114}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1612311114} } @data{citation_3696, author = {A N Kravchenko and S S Snapp and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Data from: Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems}, year = {2017}, journal = {Dryad Digital Repository}, volume = {https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gh90f5f}, doi = {10.5061/dryad.gh90f5f} }