uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/47.emlSoil Carbon and Nitrogen Deep Core Surveys at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2001 to 2022)G.RobertsonMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895AndrewCorbin Washington State University Extension600 128th St SEEverettWA98208USA425-357-6012425-338-3994corbina@wsu.eduDelbertMokmaMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824(517) 355-0271 x1271(517)353-5174mokma@msu.eduSaraParr-SyswerdaPierce Cedar Creekparrsar1@msu.eduCarolinaCordovaMichigan State UniversityUScordov13@msu.edu0000-0002-4716-127XCharlesCarpenterUScwc32018@gmail.comStaceyVanderWulpMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 671-2339(269) 671-2333vanderws@msu.eduprincipal contact2026-09-09Dataset Abstractoriginal data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/47LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakessoilcarbonnitrogenOrganic MatterDisturbanceLTER Core Research Areasoil chemistrycarbonsoilprofilesoil carbonsoil nutrientsnitrogenfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192001-01-012022-11-11Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERSoil total carbon and nitrogen as well as the ratio of C:N are important attributes of soil fertility. Both total C and N are measured by a combustion method that does not differentiate between organic and inorganic forms of the elements. In most soils, inorganic N is a tiny fraction of total N so total N is synonymous with organic N. Inorganic C, on the other hand, can be a significant portion of total C in soils with carbonate minerals. Extensive testing of KBS surface soils has shown soil inorganic C to be non-detectable; thus total C in KBS surface soils is synonymous with total organic carbon (TOC).
However, carbonates may still be present in deep or recently limed soils, which must be tested for inorganic carbon and, if present, the carbonates removed via acid fumigation (described below) prior to total C analysis. Inorganic C can also be analyzed separately via the inorganic C protocol.
To measure total C and N, subsamples of dried, finely ground soil are weighed into small foil capsules that are combusted in an automated CHN analyzer that measures the amount of released CO2 and N2 by gas chromatography. Final values are expressed as the percentage of carbon or nitrogen in dry soil. If inorganic C has been confirmed to be absent, removed, or analyzed separately and subtracted, values can be expressed as total organic C.
Sampling frequency depends on experiment and research objectives. Since 2001, soils of the LTER Main Cropping System Experiment are analyzed for total C and N as part of the decadal deep soil core (whole profile) sampling program, usually in late fall of wheat years.Soil Total Carbon and NitrogenData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/37Soil bulk density is a measurement of the dry mass of soil per unit soil volume (g/cm3) and thus includes the combined volume of solids and pores that may contain gases or water, or both. Bulk density can affect many soil processes, such as water passage, heat transfer, aeration and root growth. It is also a necessary factor to convert mass-based units to area-based units.
This protocol describes bulk density analyses associated with deep (1 m) soil cores sampled at approximate 5-10 year intervals to examine changes in soil carbon with depth. Cores are delineated into soil sections and bulk density is determined either by depth interval or by soil horizon (MCSE in 2008). For each core section or interval, dried subsamples are also pulverized and sampled for carbon and nitrogen analysis, and the remainder or a portion thereof is archived.
Sampling frequency: Usually every 5-10 years Soil Bulk Density - Deep CoresData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/110Carlo Erba NA1500 SeriesII Combustion AnalyzerData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/147The Costech Elemental Combustion System 4010 is an automated combustion analyzer used to determine total carbon and nitrogen in soil and plant samples. This system employees a helium carrier gas to bring combustion gases to a gas chromatographic separation column and thermal conductivity detector. More information about the analyzer can be obtained from Costech Analytical Technologies (26074 Avenue Hall, Suite 13, Valencia, CA 91355 – USA or http://www.costechanalytical.com/)
For preparation and analysis of plant material, see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/40. For preparation and analysis of soil, see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/37.Costech Elemental Combustion System CHNS-O (ECS 4010)Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/148LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in AgroecosystemsprogramNational Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001DEB 2224712LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in Agroecosystemshttps%3A%2F%2Fnsf.gov%2Fawardsearch%2FshowAward%3FAWD_ID%3D2224712%26HistoricalAwards%3Dfalsehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/164Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Total Carbon and Nitrogen by Depth - Deep Cores (KBS044-001)Total carbon and nitrogen determinations of deep core soil samples from the LTER Main Site and Successional and Forested sites organized by treatment, replicate and core depth (surface, middle, deep) sections.
Citation (in review):
Córdova, S. C., Kravchenko, A. N., Miesel, J.R., Robertson, G.P., (2022). Whole-profile Changes in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after 25 Years under Agricultural and Conservation ManagementSoil+Total+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+by+Depth+-+Dep+Cores.csvNone381\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/164.csvsample_datedate the sample was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmenttreatment the sample was collected fromtreatment the sample was collected fromreplicatereplicate that the sample was collected fromreplicate that the sample was collected fromstationstation within the plot that was sampledstation within the plot that was sampledcorethere were 2 cores taken at each sample site. in 2001 core 1 was analyzed and core 2 was archived.there were 2 cores taken at each sample site. in 2001 core 1 was analyzed and core 2 was archived.sectionslice of the deepcoreslice of the deepcoresection_lengthlength of the sectioncentimeterrealtop_depthtop depth of the core section in centimeters from the surfacecentimeterrealbottom_depthbottom depth of the core in centimeters from the surfacecentimeterrealcore_volume_cm3the volume of the core sectioncubicCentimeterrealgravel_free_bulk_densitybulk density of the core section excluding gravelgramsPerCubicCentimeterrealtotal_bulk_densitytotal bulk density of the core section including the gravel.gramsPerCubicCentimeterrealn_percentaverage percent N in the samplegramsPerHectogramrealc_percentaverage percent of C in the samplegramsPerHectogramrealflagoutlier flag 'O'outlier flag 'O'commentcomment about the samplecomment about the samplehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/308Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Bulk Density of Deep Cores (KBS044-002)Soil bulk density of deep core soil samples collected from the LTER Main Site and Successional and Forest sites, organized by treatment, replicate and depth. Bulk densities are calculated by obtaining the volume from the diameter of the core and the length of the horizon.
In 2001 we used the RS60 liners which had are 6 cm in diameter. In 2010 and later we used the DT45 liners which are 7.62 cm in diameter. The difference in diameters might have caused different amounts of compression in the tube.Soil+Bulk+Density+of+Dep+Cores.csvNone341\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/308.csvyearsample yearYYYY11987-4-18treatmenttreatment that was sampledtreatment that was sampledreplicatereplicate plot that was sampledreplicate plot that was sampledstationstation within the plot that was sampledstation within the plot that was sampledcorecore identifier for the station (generally two cores were taken per station)core identifier for the station (generally two cores were taken per station)sectionhorizon section (cores were divided into surface, middle and deep sections pre 2013 and by depth in 2013)horizon section (cores were divided into surface, middle and deep sections pre 2013 and by depth in 2013)horizon_lengthlength of the horizon sampledcentimeterrealcore_volume_cm3core volume of the sectioncubicCentimeterrealgravel_free_bulk_densitybulk density of the gravel free portion of the soil (gravel >4 mm removed)gramsPerCubicCentimeterrealtotal_bulk_densitybulk density (including any gravel)gramsPerCubicCentimeterrealcommentsany observations relating to this coreany observations relating to this core