uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/65.emlG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895JosephSimmonsMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060

(269) 671-2528(269)671-2104simmonsj@kbs.msu.eduKurtThelenMichigan State University

US

(517) 355-0271 x1232thelenk3@msu.edu0000-0003-3464-08262026-03-05

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/65

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesbiomassyieldsprimaryproductionPrimary ProductionDisturbanceOrganic MatterLTER Core Research Areagrainyieldagronomicyieldsaboveground biomassprimary productivityaboveground productionanppprimary productionagriculturebiomasscropfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192008-01-012021-03-22Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERThis protocol is a guide for actions planned to take place during the year. Actual field operations may differ from what is in the protocol and are recorded in the GLBRC Agronomic Log. Here is the current GLBRC BCSE Agronomic Protocol .Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/122Corn stover is a potential feedstock for biofuel production as an alternative to conventional fuels (NRC,2009).There are some major implications for using corn stover as a biofuel feedstock. Stover removal decreases soil carbon storage, impacts soil fertility and crop development. High rates of corn stover removal as biofuel can adversely impact soil productivity and environmental quality. Information on the quantity of removable stover based on field experimentation for representative soils in the U.S. Corn Belt region is lacking for developing guidelines to meet energy and soil quality needs. Experimental data on the impacts of stover removal are needed to establish threshold levels of stover management. With this perspective, a study was designed in 2008 to determine the potential implications of corn stover on soil quality and crop yields. The experiment is laid in Randomized Split-Plot design with two crop management (continuous corn and corn in rotation) and two stover removal rates (0 and 100%) replicated five times. The experimental sites are located at the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research (GLBRC) intensive research sites: Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan and Arlington, Wisconsin.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/131Corn stover is the plant material left in the field after grain harvest and is a potential feedstock for biofuel production. It is harvested from corn treatments in the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System (BCSE, G1-G4 depending on year) and Scale-up (L1, M1) Experiments. High rates of corn stover removal can decrease soil carbon storage and adversely impact soil fertility, crop productivity, and environmental quality. Thus, subplots were established in corn treatments of the BCSE to examine the potential effects of corn stover removal on soil quality and crop yields. The BCSE annual treatment plots (KBS: 131 × 91 ft; Arlington: 140 × 90 ft) are divided into a 60 ft wide main plot, which aims for 100% corn stover removal, and two 15 ft wide subplots on either side with 0% stover removal (i.e., stover non-removal subplot) generally on the west side and 100% stover removal (i.e., stover removal subplot) on the east side. Note the exception that subplots in Block 1 (G2R1, G3R1, G4R1) at KBS are lain in the opposite direction. Comparison of subplots accounts for potential edge effects and differences in harvest machinery with the main plot. In BCSE annual treatments with cover crops (G2-G4, depending on year), additional subplots were established within the stover removal subplot (only) to examine the effects of cover crop harvest and removal on soil fertility and grain yield. From 2013-2017, the northern one-third of the stover removal subplot served as a cover crop non-removal plot wherein cover crops were killed with an herbicide and the biomass left on the field (herbicided subplot); the remaining two-thirds of the subplot was harvested as in the main plot and served as a cover crop removal subplot (nonherbicided subplot). Note the original cropping treatments of G2-G4 have changed over the years; for more details consult the KBS aglog or archived plot maps.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/180This protocol is a guide for actions planned to take place during the year. Actual field operations may differ from what is in the protocol and are recorded in the GLBRC Agronomic Log. Here is the current Lux Arbor Corn Agronomic Protocol. Here is the current Marshall Farm Corn Agronomic Protocol.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/138https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/165Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields - Annual Crops (KBS060-001)Agronomic yield from the 4 annual crop treatments (continuous corn, corn, wheat and canola rotations) of the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment located on the KBS GLBRC Intensive sites. Yield is given at standard moisture for corn (15.5 %), soybean (13 %) and canola (8.5 %). In addition to yield data from the main part of the field, yield data from stover microplots is also given here. Stover microplots are generally on the east and west side of the main field, one side is the control (same as the main field) and the other side is an alternate stover treatment. Stover is removed on the main field and the stover microplot controls and is not removed in the stover microplots. The stover microplot study was designed to provide experimental data on the impacts of stover removal in order to establish threshold levels of stover management. Agronomic yields are measured during normal crop harvest by machine harvesters appropriate to each crop as described in the GLBRC Agronomic Protocol.Agronomic+Yields+-+Anual+Crops.csvNone351\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/165.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY11987-4-18harvest_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentmain_or_microplotmain experiment or microplot experiment?main experiment or microplot experiment?treatment_namedescription of treatmentdescription of treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentcropcrop harvestedcrop harvestedarea_harvested_ft2area harvestedsquareFootrealyield_mg_hacrop yield (at standard moisture for corn, soy and canola)megagramsPerHectarerealmoisture_at_harvestpercent moisture measured at harvestgramsPerHectogramrealcommentsnote about the samplenote about the samplefield_sectionsection of the field harvestedsection of the field harvestedfractionpart of the crop that was harvestedpart of the crop that was harvestedcover_crop_herbicidedwas the cover crop herbicided?was the cover crop herbicided?stover_remainsdid the stover remain on the plots. The standard practice was to remove corn stover.did the stover remain on the plots. The standard practice was to remove corn stover.https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/270Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Stover Removal Experiment Grain Yield (KBS060-002)Stover non-removal microplot grain yields are compared to control plot grain yields where stover is removed. This study was designed to provide experimental data on the impacts of stover removal in order to establish threshold levels of stover management.Stover+Removal+Experiment+Grain+Yield.csvNone321\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/270.csvyearyear of growing seasonyear of growing seasonharvest_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of experimentlocation of experimentexperimentexperimentexperimentcropharvested cropharvested croptreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate block nested in treatmentreplicate block nested in treatmentfield_sectionsection of field harvestedsection of field harvestedarea_harvested_ft2area harvestedsquareFootrealyield_mg_hayield harvested at standard moisturemegagramsPerHectarerealcommentscommentscommentsfractionpart of plant harvestedpart of plant harvestedhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/271Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Stover and Residue Biomass and Cover Crop Biomass (KBS060-003)Corn stover (dried stalks and leaves remaining after grain harvest) and residual corn stover (remaining biomass after machine harvest of stover) dry matter yield are given here for KBS and Arlington GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment treatments G1-G4 (continuous corn, and corn-soybean-canola rotations). Microplots were established to determine the efficacy of the stover harvesting machinery. Cover crops were added to treatments G2-G4 in 2013. Cover crop yield is also given in the data table.Stover+and+Residue+Biomas+and+Cover+Crop+Biomas.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/271.csvyearyear of growing seasonyear of growing seasonharvest_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of experimentlocation of experimenttreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate block nested in treatmentreplicate block nested in treatmentfractionpart of the plant that was harvestedpart of the plant that was harvestedfield_sectionsection of the field harvestedsection of the field harvestedarea_harvested_ft2area harvestedsquareFootrealdry_matter_yield_mg_hayield as dry mattermegagramsPerHectarerealmoisture_at_harvestpercent moisture measured at harvestgramsPerHectogramrealcommentscommentcommenthttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/279Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields (KBS060-004)Agronomic yield from the KBS GLBRC Scale-up fields at Lux Arbor Reserve and the Marshall Farm. Treatments were first applied in 2010; all fields were planted with soy in 2009. Stover was first harvested in 2015 and previously was not removed from M1 or L1.Agronomic+Yields.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/279.csvyearyear of the growing seasonyear of the growing seasonharvest_datedate the crop was harvestedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmenttreatment_nametreatment descriptiontreatment descriptioncropcrop harvestedcrop harvestedcrop_yieldcrop yield - At standardized moisture for corn 15.5% and for soybean 13%. Conversion for corn: 56 pounds/bushel. Conversion for soybeans: 60 pounds/bushel. Switchgrass and prairie yield were adjusted to 0% moisture. Units are given in a separate column. realyield_unitsunits for the yield measurementsunits for the yield measurementsfractionpart of crop that was harvestedpart of crop that was harvestedmoisturepercent moisture of cropgramsPerHectogramrealacreagearea harvestedacrerealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/280Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields - Unfertilized/Fertilized Microplots (KBS060-005)Microplots were established on the perennial crops to look at the affects of fertilization on yield. Treatments G5, G6, G7, G9 are normally fertilized so the microplot is unfertilized; Treatment G10 does not receive fertilizer so the G10 microplot is fertilized.Agronomic+Yields+-+Unfertilized/Fertilized+Microplots.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/280.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY11987-4-18harvest_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of experimentlocation of experimentmain_or_microplotmain or microplot namemain or microplot namecropplants for harvestplants for harvesttreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate block nested in treatmentreplicate block nested in treatmentfield_sectionsection of the field harvestedsection of the field harvestedarea_harvested_ft2area harvestedsquareFootrealdry_matter_yield_mg_hayield as dry mattermegagramsPerHectarerealcommentscommentscommentshttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/281Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yield - Perennial Crops (KBS060-006)Agronomic yield from the poplar trees and 5 herbaceous perennial crops (switchgrass, miscanthus, mixed grasses, old field and native prairie) of the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment located on the GLBRC Biofuel Intensive site. Yield data for these treatments are given as dry matter. Microplots were established on the perennial crop treatments to look at the affects of fertilization on yield. Treatments G5, G6, G7, G8, G9 are normally fertilized so microplots in this treatment are unfertilized; Treatment G10 does not receive fertilizer so the G10 microplot is fertilized.Agronomic+Yield+-+Perenial+Crops.csvNone341\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/281.csvyeargrowing season year(s)YYYY11987-4-18harvest_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of experimentlocation of experimentcropplant(s) for harvestplant(s) for harvesttreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate block nested in treatmentreplicate block nested in treatmentfractionpart of the field that was harvestedpart of the field that was harvestedfield_sectionsection of the field harvestedsection of the field harvestedn_treatmentnitrogen application to the fieldnitrogen application to the fieldarea_harvested_ft2area harvestedsquareFootrealdry_matter_yield_mg_hayield as dry mattermegagramsPerHectarerealmoisture_at_harvestpercent moisture measured at harvestgramsPerHectogramrealcommentscomment on the data rowcomment on the data rowmain_or_microplotmain field or microplotmain field or microplotdry_matter_yield_ton_acreyield as dry mattertonsPerAcrerealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/282Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Yields - Switchgrass (KBS060-007)Agronomic yields for the Switchgrass Nitrogen/Harvest Experiment on the GLBRC Biofuel Intensive Site. Plants are grown under 8 treatments of nitrogen fertilizer and two harvest strategies. Note that in 2009 there was only one harvest.Agronomic+Yields+-+Switchgras.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/282.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY11987-4-18harvest_datedate the crop was harvestedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatment_n_rateamount of nitrogen added to the experimental treatmentpoundsPerAcrerealreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentyield_tons_acredry matter yieldtonsPerAcrerealyield_mg_hadry matter yieldmegagramsPerHectarerealmoisture_percentcrop percent moisture at harvestgramsPerHectogramrealharvest_strategynumber of harvests per yearnumber of harvests per yearplotplot identifierplot identifiercommentssample notessample notes@article{citation_3539, author = {L Ruan and A K Bhardwaj and S K Hamilton and G P Robertson}, title = {Nitrogen fertilization challenges the climate benefit of cellulosic biofuels}, year = {2016}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, pages = {064007}, volume = {11}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064007} }