uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/66.emlJiquanChenMichigan State University

1405 S. Harrison Road, Manly Miles Building, Room 218East LansingMichigan48823US

(517) 353-2932(517) 884-1884jqchen@msu.edu0000-0003-0761-9458MichaelAbrahaMichigan State University

Hickory CornersMichiganUS

abraha@msu.edu0000-0001-8952-9477principal contact2026-06-07

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/66

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesCO2fluxPrimary ProductionOrganic MatterDisturbanceLTER Core Research Areaco2fluxestowercarbon dioxidecarbon fluxeseddy covariancenet ecosystem exchangefarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192009-01-012015-01-01Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/198Kellogg Biological Station LTER: CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange via Flux Tower (KBS061-002)Cleaned flux values from the eddy covariance towers at the GLBRC Biofuel Scale-up sites. Tower 1 – “CRP Switchgrass”, Tower 2 – “CRP Prairie”, Tower 3 – “CRP Corn”, Tower 4 – “AGR Corn”, Tower 5 – “AGR Switchgrass”, Tower 6 – “AGR Prairie”, Tower 7 – “Reference”.CO2+Net+Ecosystem+Exchange+via+Flux+Tower.csvNone491\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/198.csvsample_datedate and timeYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss-hh11987-4-18towertower numbertower numberneeorigoriginal net ecosystem exchangemicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealnee_ffinal net ecosystem exchangemicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealustwind friction velocitymetersPerSecondrealco2carbon dioxide densitygramsPerCubicCentimeterrealn2owater densitygramsPerCubicCentimeterrealave_ulongitudinal wind velocitymetersPerSecondrealavg_vlateral wind velocitymetersPerSecondrealavg_wvertical wind velocitymetersPerSecondrealhsensible heat fluxwattsPerSquareMeterreallelatent heatwattsPerSquareMeterrealpabarometric pressurekilopascalrealwdwind directiondegreerealrshort_inshort wave incoming radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealrshort_outshort wave outgoing radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealrlong_inlong wave incoming radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealrlong_outlong wave outgoing radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealr_netnet radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealtaair temperaturecelsiusrealrhrelative humiditygramsPerGramrealpar_inphotosynthetic photon flux densitymicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealswcsoil water contentcubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimetersrealts1soil temperaturecelsiusrealts2soil temperaturecelsiusrealts3soil temperaturecelsiusrealg1soil heat fluxwattsPerSquareMeterrealg2soil heat fluxwattsPerSquareMeterrealg3soil heat fluxwattsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/417Kellogg Biological Station LTER: CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange using Eddy Covariance (KBS061-003)CO2+Net+Ecosystem+Exchange+using+Edy+Covariance.csvNone811\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/417.csvsample_datesample dateYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss11987-4-18towertower identifiertower identifiertreatmenttreatment codetreatment codedescriptioncrop and site history description crop and site history description neeNet Ecosystem Exchange -high quality data only, only data with QC rating of 0 micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealleLatent heat flux densitywattsPerSquareMeterrealqclequality criterion for LE (0 to 2, with 0 best and 2 worst)quality criterion for LE (0 to 2, with 0 best and 2 worst)hSensible heat flux densitywattsPerSquareMeterrealqchquality criterion for H (0 to 2, with 0 best and 2 worst)quality criterion for H (0 to 2, with 0 best and 2 worst)rgIncoming solar radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealtairAir temperature [measured using HMPC45-C, missing data gapfilled from neighbouring stations]celsiusrealtsoilSoil temperature [measured using HMPC45-C, missing data gapfilled from neighbouring stations]celsiusrealrhRelative humidity [measured using HMPC45-C, missing data gapfilled from neighbouring stations]realustarfriction velocity [not gapfilled]metersPerSecondrealvpdvapour pressure deficit - computed from Tair and rHhectoPascalrealneeorigNet Ecosystem Exchange -including all data regardless of data qualitymicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealqcneequality criterion for NEE (0 to 2, with 0 best and 2 worst)quality criterion for NEE (0 to 2, with 0 best and 2 worst)nee_fNet Ecosystem Exchange - gapfilledmicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealnee_fmetfmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). fmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). nee_fwinfwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablefwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablenee_fnfn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999 (ie. missing value)fn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999 (ie. missing value)nee_fsfs - The standard deviation of the values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999.micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealnee_fqcfqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.fqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.nee_fqcokfqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.fqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.le_fLatent heat flux density - gapfilledwattsPerSquareMeterrealle_fmetfmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). fmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). le_fwinfwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablefwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablele_fnfn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999fn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999le_fsfs - The standard deviation of the values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999.wattsPerSquareMeterrealle_fqcfqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.fqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.le_fqcokfqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.fqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.h_fSensible heat flux density - gapfilledwattsPerSquareMeterrealh_fmetfmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). fmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). h_fwinfwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablefwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availableh_fnfn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999fn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999h_fsfs - The standard deviation of the values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999.wattsPerSquareMeterrealh_fqcfqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.fqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.h_fqcokfqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.fqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.tair_fair temperature - the same as in Taircelsiusrealtair_fmetfmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). fmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). tair_fwinfwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablefwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availabletair_fnfn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999fn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999tair_fsfs - The standard deviation of the values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999.celsiusrealtair_fqcfqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.fqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.tair_fqcokfqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.fqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.rg_fIncoming solar radiation - with some gaps filled but may not be allwattsPerSquareMeterrealrg_fmetfmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). fmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). rg_fwinfwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablefwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablerg_fnfn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999fn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999rg_fsfs - The standard deviation of the values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999.wattsPerSquareMeterrealrg_fqcfqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.fqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.rg_fqcokfqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.fqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.vpd_fvapour pressure deficit (kPa) - the same as in VPDhectoPascalrealvpd_fmetfmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). fmet - method used for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = Inferred from marginal distribution of Rg, Tair, and VPD; 2 = Inferred from Rg only; 3 = Inferred from time of the day only (mean diurnal variation). vpd_fwinfwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablefwin - window size used for gapfilling. 0 = original data availablevpd_fnfn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999fn - The number of values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999vpd_fsfs - The standard deviation of the values that were averaged to fill the gap. If the original data was available this is set to -9999.hectoPascalrealvpd_fqcfqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.fqc - a synthetic quality assigned for gapfilling. 0 = original data available, 1 = most reliable, 2 =medium, 3=least reliable.vpd_fqcokfqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.fqcOK - A synthetic QC that is 0 when _fqc is > 1 , otherwise 1. When aggregating to daily, weekly etc. timesteps, this flag tells which fraction of the data was original or filled with most reliable data.nee_f_uncNet Ecosystem Exchange - uncertainty for all data points, gapfilled and non-gapfilledmicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecondrealle_f_uncLatent Heat Flux Density - uncertainty for all data points, gapfilled and non-gapfilledwattsPerSquareMeterrealh_f_uncSensible Heat Flux Density - uncertainty for all data points, gapfilled and non-gapfilledwattsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/420Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Radiation Data collected at the Eddy Covariance Towers (KBS061-004)Radiation+Data+colected+at+the+Edy+Covariance+Towers.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/420.csvsample_datedate and time measurement was madeYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18towertower identifiertower identifiertreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentdescriptiontreatment descriptiontreatment descriptionrshort_inincoming shortwave radiationrealrshort_outout going (reflected) shortwave radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealrlong_inincoming long wave radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealrlong_outoutgoing (emitted) long wave radiationwattsPerSquareMeterrealr_netnet long wave radiation = rshort_in - rshort_out + rlong_in - rlong_outwattsPerSquareMeterrealmean_pressmean atmospheric pressurekilopascalrealmean_tsmean sonic temperaturecelsiusreal@article{citation_3101, author = {I Gelfand and T Zenone and P Jasrotia and J Chen and S K Hamilton and G P Robertson}, title = {Carbon debt of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands converted to bioenergy production}, year = {2011}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA}, pages = {13864-13869}, volume = {108}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1017277108} } @data{citation_4219, author = {Grant Falvo and Yao Zhang and Michael Abraha and Samantha Mosier and Yahn-Jauh Su and Cheyenne Lei and Jiquan Chen and M Francesca Cotrufo and G Philip Robertson}, title = {Data from: Combining eddy covariance towers, field measurements, and the MEMS 2 ecosystem model improves confidence in the climate impacts of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage [Dataset]}, publisher = {Dryad}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5s5 } }