uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/68.emlG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895KurtThelenMichigan State University

US

(517) 355-0271 x1232thelenk3@msu.edu0000-0003-3464-0826RandyJacksonUniversity of Wisconsin

US

(608)262-1390rdjackson@wisc.edu0000-0002-8033-1250LawrenceOatesUniversity of Wisconsin

MadisonWisconsin53706US

oates@wisc.edu0000-0003-4829-7600principal contact2026-06-12

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/68

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesanppabovegroundbiomassprimaryproductionabovegroundproductionagricultureprimaryproductivityannualnetprimaryproductivityPrimary ProductionDisturbanceOrganic MatterPopulationsLTER Core Research Areaprimary productivityprimary productionagricultureanppyieldaboveground biomassannual net primary productivityaboveground productionfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192008-01-012023-01-01Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/27GLBRC intensive-plot treatments include systems ranging from annual crops to native prairie. Different harvest and/or sampling methods are required to quantify these diverse plant communities. All measurements are taken pre-harvest at peak annual biomass for major community components. This generally means physiological maturity for annuals and pre-senescence for perennials. Plant biomass samples are taken from each of the 3 sampling stations within a plot (Fig.1). Note that ANPP is different from yield, which represents some (usually high) portion of ANPP.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/117This protocol has been taken off of the web and you should see http://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/421/ for plant species and seeding rates. Details the species that were planted on the KBS GLBRC Scale-Up plots restored prairie treatments.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/142This protocol has been taken off of the web and you should see http://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/421/ for plant species and seeding rates. The following species were originally planted at both the KBS and Arlington GLBRC Intensive Sites on the Native Grass (G7) and Restored Prairie (G10) treatment.Data Managerhttp://.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/144The biofuel cropping systems of GLBRC Experiments range from annual crops to perennial monoculture grasses and mixed communities to poplar trees. Different sampling methods are needed to measure aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in these diverse plant communities. In general, plant biomass is sampled for all major community components before harvest at peak annual biomass. This typically means physiological maturity for annuals and pre-senescence for perennials. For the Biofuel Cropping System Experiment (BCSE; Treatments G1-G10), plant biomass is sampled at each of the 3 sampling stations within a treatment plot (see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/maps/images/glbrc-station-flags.pdf). ANPP sampling in the Scale-Up Experiment (Fields L1-L3 and M1-M4) terminated after the 2016 growing season, but was sampled from 2009 to 2016 at each of the 10 sampling stations within a field (see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/maps/images/current-glbrc-scaleup-fields.pdf). The location of the sampling quadrat around the sampling station varies annually and quadrat placement is determined by quadrat size and ease for field sampling. ANPP is measured in g/m2/yr and is the sum of the major plant community components of each treatment at their peak biomass. Note that ANPP is different from agronomic yield, which represents only the harvested portion of ANPP. Also note the BCSE in Arlington (ARL) was retired at the end of the 2017 growing season. The protocols listed below focus on methods used at KBS; if ARL used different methods, those differences are given at the end of each section.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/156Sampling Frequency: minimum of once during each growing season Ecosystem net primary production is estimated by annual maximum plant biomass accumulation. Plant biomass is measured in the growing season (May-October) by quantifying the peak dry mass of plants per unit area in each plot. Multiple sampling stations in each plot are sampled for plant biomass (only one station per plot sampled prior to 1990). Plant biomass is quantified by hand-clipping (crop and/or weeds) or via allometric measurements (poplar trees). At clipping, all plants within the sample area are cut at ground level and placed in labeled paper bags. Species identification is determined based on Gleason and Cronquist (1991) and Voss (1972, 1985, and 1996). The Kellogg Biological Station plant reference collection has also used for species identification. Plant biomass is dried at 60 ° C for 48 h and weighed. Forest system biomass is measured using diameter at breast height and allometric equations. Litter fall is recorded from poplar and forest systems.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/111Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is a measure of plant carbon (and energy) capture as estimated by annual biomass accumulation. For herbaceous plants, whether annual or perennial, aboveground plant material is hand-clipped at peak biomass, oven dried, and weighed. For woody plants, both wood and leaf production must be measured. Wood production is estimated using allometric equations that predict annual changes in mass based on annual changes in stem diameter. Leaf production is estimated by collecting litterfall in traps placed on the ground. ANPP is expressed as plant dry mass accumulated per unit area per year (g/m2/y). Sampling frequency: Depends on MCSE treatment; a minimum of once per growing season, at peak biomass prior to harvest or as described below, or throughout the growing season for crops with multiple harvests. Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/191Stand counts can be used to evaluate seedling emergence, density, and distribution. We use the Vogel-Masters stand count method (Vogel and Masters, 2001) in herbaceous perennial treatments to measure frequency of occurrence or stand percentages of a single target species (i.e., switchgrass, miscanthus) or of a given growth form (i.e., native grasses). Dividing the frequency of occurrence by the total area examined provides a conservative estimate of plant density (plants/m2). This protocol should be completed annually during the establishment phase.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/175https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/180Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Biomass of the GLBRC Scale-up Fields (KBS063-001)Annual biomass of the KBS GLBRC scale-up fields at Marshall Farms and Lux Arbor Reserve. Biomass of non-crop (weeds) species are also included. Treatments were first applied in 2010; all fields were planted with soy in 2009. These data are collected with quadrats.Biomas+of+the+GLBRC+Scale-up+Fields.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/180.csvyearyear the observation was madeyear the observation was madesample_datedate the sample was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitesite the sample came fromsite the sample came fromtreatment_nametreatment_descriptiontreatment_descriptiontreatmenttreatmenttreatmentstationsample stationsample stationspeciesspecies collectedspecies collectedfractionSpecified component of plant. "Whole" includes the entire plant including seeds. Specified component of plant. "Whole" includes the entire plant including seeds. biomassbiomass in grams per meter squaredgramsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/268Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Above Ground Biomass - Annual Crops (KBS063-002)Biomass of all the four annual biofuel crop treatments on the GLBRC Intensive Site plots. Additional campaigns (samplings with different timing or purpose) also take place in some years and treatments and the data are included in this datatable.Above+Ground+Biomas+-+Anual+Crops.csvNone341\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/268.csvyeargrowing seasongrowing seasonsample_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of biomass collectionlocation of biomass collectiontreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationspeciesSpecies, taxon or grouping of the plants sampled. Not all plants are identified to species.Species, taxon or grouping of the plants sampled. Not all plants are identified to species.fractionportion of crop harvested ("whole" means the fraction includes all parts of the plant including seeds)portion of crop harvested ("whole" means the fraction includes all parts of the plant including seeds)biomassdry mass of sampled mattergramsPerSquareMeterrealcommentssample notessample notestreatment_nametreatment description (some treatments changed over time)treatment description (some treatments changed over time)campaignsampling effort with which the sample is associatedsampling effort with which the sample is associatedarea_sampledarea sampledsquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/269Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Above Ground Biomass of Herbaceous Perennial Crops; treatments 5,6,7,9,10 (KBS063-003)Biomass of the five herbaceous biofuel crop treatments on the GLBRC Intensive Site: switchgrass, miscanthus, grass mix, old field and prairie. Additional campaigns (samplings with different timing or purpose) are also included in this datatable.Above+Ground+Biomas+of+Herbaceous+Perenial+Crops;+treatments+5,6,7,9,10.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/269.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY11987-4-18sample_dateharvest dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of biomass collectionlocation of biomass collectiontreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate block nested within treatmentreplicate block nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationspeciesSpecies, taxon or grouping of the plants sampled. Not all plants are identified to species.Species, taxon or grouping of the plants sampled. Not all plants are identified to species.fractionportion of crop harvested ("whole" means the fraction includes all parts of the plant including seeds)portion of crop harvested ("whole" means the fraction includes all parts of the plant including seeds)biomassdry mass of sampled materialgramsPerSquareMeterrealcommentssample notessample notestreatment_nametreatment descriptiontreatment descriptioncampaignsampling effort with which the sample is associatedsampling effort with which the sample is associatedarea_sampledarea sampledsquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/174Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Poplar - Litter Trap Biomass (KBS063-006)Biomass of leaf litter collected from litter traps in poplar plots on the GLBRC Intensive site.Poplar+-+Liter+Trap+Biomas.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/174.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY11987-4-18sample_datedate the sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of sample collectionlocation of sample collectiontreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentbiomass_gdry mass of sampled materialgramrealsampled_areatotal area of all traps contributing to the samplesquareMeterrealcommentsnote about the samplenote about the samplehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/310Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Poplar - Understory Biomass (KBS063-007)Understory biomass sampled on the poplar treatments (G8) in the Biofuel Cropping System Experiment (BCSE) including cover crop and weed biomass. Cover crops were only sampled in 2008 and 2009. KBS poplar weed biomass was sampled in 2008-2009 and 2012-2013; sampling was discontinued in 2014.Poplar+-+Understory+Biomas.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/310.csvyeargrowing season yeargrowing season yearsample_datedate sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18campaignwhy were the samples takenwhy were the samples takensitelocation of biomass samplinglocation of biomass samplingtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling stationsampling stationspeciesbiomass crop or weedbiomass crop or weedfractionportion of crop harvestedportion of crop harvestedbiomassdry mass of sampled mattergramsPerSquareMeterrealarea_sampledthe size of the area that was sampledsquareMeterrealcommentssample notessample noteshttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/317Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Poplar - Stem Diameter and Destructive Biomass (KBS063-009)Stem diameter measurements and destructive biomass sampling of poplar at the GLBRC Intensive site.Poplar+-+Stem+Diameter+and+Destructive+Biomas.csvNone341\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/317.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY11987-4-18campaigntype of poplar sampling activitytype of poplar sampling activitydatesampling/measurement dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of biomass collectionlocation of biomass collectiontreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested in treatmentreplicate nested in treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationtree_idunique tree identifier unique tree identifier diameter_mmtree diametermillimeterrealheight_cmtree heightcentimeterrealbranch_biomass_gbranch biomassgramrealstem_biomass_gstem biomassgramrealcommentssample notessample notesmain_or_microplotexperimental section of the field sampledexperimental section of the field sampledhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/343Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Poplar Stand Counts (KBS063-010)To document the survival rate of the poplar plantation, a periodic census was taken to determine the number of trees that remained alive. Tree damage was recorded.Poplar+Stand+Counts.csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/343.csvsample_datedate the trees were observedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitesite that was observedsite that was observedtreatmenttreatment that was observedtreatment that was observedrowtransect numbertransect numberalivenumber of trees in the row that were alivenumberintegerdeadnumber of trees in the row that were deadnumberintegerabsentnumber of trees in the row that were missingnumberintegerwi_plot_idPlot id for the wisconsin sitePlot id for the wisconsin sitecommentsComments about the observationComments about the observationhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/400Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Switchgrass Stand Counts (KBS063-011)Vogel and Masters 2001 method was used to determine switchgrass establishment success and survivorship. Kenneth P. Vogel and Robert A. Masters, Frequency Grid: A Simple Tool for Measuring Grassland Establishment, Journal of Range Management, Vol. 54, No. 6 (Nov., 2001), pp. 653-655Switchgras+Stand+Counts.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/400.csvyearyear of measurementYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sample_datesampling dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of plotslocation of plotstreatmentthe treatment sampledthe treatment sampledreplicatereplicate nested in treatmentreplicate nested in treatmentaverage_stand_countAverage of stand counts.numberintegercommentscomment on a given rownumbertexthttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/519Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Plant Population (Stem Counts) (KBS063-12)Annual crop stem counts, also referred to as plant population, are measured by counting the number of plants in a quadrat.Plant+Population+(Stem+Counts).csvNone321\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/519.csvyeargrowing season yearYYYY11987-4-18campaignsampling effort with which the sample is associatedsampling effort with which the sample is associatedsample_datedate stems were countedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of countlocation of counttreatment_namedescription of treatment (note that some treatments changed over time) description of treatment (note that some treatments changed over time) treatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationspeciesplant speciesplant speciesplant_population_m2number of plants in meter2 quadratsquareMeterrealsample_area_m2area sampledsquareMeterrealannual_cropmain crop in given yearmain crop in given yearcommentssample notessample noteshttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/521Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Plant Population (Stem Counts) (KBS063-13)Corn stem counts, also referred to as plant population, are measured by counting the number of plants in a quadrat.Plant+Population+(Stem+Counts).csvNone291\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/521.csvyeargrowing season yearYYYY11987-4-18sample_datedate stems were countedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of countlocation of counttreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmenttreatment_namedescription of treatment (note that some treatments changed over time) description of treatment (note that some treatments changed over time) stationsampling locationsampling locationspeciesplant speciesplant speciesplant_population_m2number of plants in meter2 quadratsquareMeterrealsample_area_m2area sampledsquareMeterrealcommentssample notessample notes@article{citation_3101, author = {I Gelfand and T Zenone and P Jasrotia and J Chen and S K Hamilton and G P Robertson}, title = {Carbon debt of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands converted to bioenergy production}, year = {2011}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA}, pages = {13864-13869}, volume = {108}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1017277108} }