uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/78.emlG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895LeileiRuanMichigan State University

ruanleilei@berkeley.eduStephenHamiltonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060

(269) 671-2231(269)671-2104hamilton@msu.edu0000-0002-4702-9017SvenBohmMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 205-3821(269 )671-2333bohms@msu.edu0000-0002-6224-7848principal contact2026-05-18

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/78

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakespHInorganic NutrientsDisturbanceLTER Core Research AreasoilpHfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192008-01-012019-12-04Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERSampling Frequency: Monthly 1989 to 1994, yearly 1995 to 1996 Duplicate subsamples from composite soil samples taken in each plot are used to measure soil pH. Weighed soil samples (15 g fresh weight) are made into a soil suspension by the addition of deionized water in a soil:water ratio of 1:2. The glass electrode pH meter is standardized with standard buffer solutions of pH 7 and pH 4.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/39Soil pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion activity in soil solution; high hydrogen activity (low pH) is an index of soil acidity which can affect nutrient availability and plant growth. To measure the pH of fresh soil, duplicate subsamples (15 g fresh weight) from a sieved soil sample are suspended in solution by adding deionized water in a soil:water ratio of 1:2. The pH of the suspension is measured with a glass electrode pH meter standardized with standard buffer solutions of pH 7 and pH 4. Sampling frequency: Depends on experiment, time of year, and research objective. Soil pH is often taken to inform liming recommendations.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/163The amount of water or moisture in a given mass of soil is highly variable and is important to measure in field studies because it affects microbial activity, nutrient movement, and plant growth. To measure soil moisture content by the gravimetric method, a subsample of a fresh, sieved composite sample or a fresh soil core is weighed, oven dried until there is no further mass loss, and then reweighed. The moisture content is expressed as mass of water per mass of dry soil. Sampling frequency: Depends on experiment and research objective. Soil moisture is routinely measured as part of our LTER core soil sampling for inorganic N, N mineralization, and greenhouse gas fluxes.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/24Soils of the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment (BSCE) and Scale-Up Experiment are sampled to measure and monitor a variety of physical and chemical factors, including soil bulk density, texture, pH, moisture, organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, and several other nutrients. Both surface and deep-core soil samples are collected. Currently surface samples to 25 cm are collected in annual crop treatments on an annual basis and analyzed for inorganic nitrogen and for fertilizer recommendations and collected in perennial crop treatments every three years. Deep-core sampling to 1 meter occurs every 5 to 10 years to primarily examine long-term changes in organic carbon and nitrogen.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/158Ammonium (NH4 ) and nitrate (NO3-) are the predominate forms of inorganic N in soils; their availability affects rates of N transformation, plant uptake, and N leaching. To measure the nutrient pool of NH4 and NO3- in soils, a subsample of a fresh, sieved composite sample is extracted, filtered, and the extract then analyzed using colorimetric techniques. Concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- are typically expressed as element mass of N per gram of dry soil, but conversion to an areal basis is possible if the soil bulk density and sample depth are known. Sampling frequency: Depends on experiment, time of year, and research objective. Soil inorganic N is routinely measured as part of our LTER and GLBRC soil sampling programs.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/33Surface (0-25 cm) soil samples are typically collected in the fall, composited by plot, and sent to an analytical laboratory for analysis and for nutrient and liming recommendations for field crops. Analyses include pH, lime index, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. Samples collected in the fall provide liming and fertilizer recommendations for the following year. Deep cores (0-100 cm) are collected every 5-10 years and samples are analyzed separately by depth interval to monitor longer-term changes in composition with depth. Sampling frequency: Depends on experiment and research objective. Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/178The relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay in soils determines soil texture and affects soil characteristics such as nutrient retention and leaching and water holding capacity and drainage. The hydrometer method of particle size analysis calculates the physical proportions of these soil particles based on their settling rates in an aqueous solution and identifies three size classes: sand (2000 – 50 µm), silt (50 – 2.0 µm) and clay < 2.0 µm. This method uses the ASTM 152H-Type hydrometer and is based on a standard temperature of 20 oC and a particle density of 2.65 g cm-3; units are expressed as grams of soil per liter.Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/108https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/192Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil pH (KBS078-001)Soil pH from the surface soils of the GLBRC Intensive Sites.Soil+pH.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/192.csvsample_datedate the sample was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmenttreatment sampledtreatment sampledreplicatereplicate sampledreplicate sampledstationstation sampledstation sampleddepth_cmdepth of the soil that was sampleddepth of the soil that was sampledpHpH measureddimensionlessrealmain_or_microplotplot sampledplot sampledhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/193Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Moisture - Gravimetric (KBS078-002)Soil moisture measurements from the GLBRC Intensive site.Soil+Moisture+-+Gravimetric.csvNone251\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/193.csvsample_datedate the sample was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmenttreatment sampledtreatment sampledreplicatereplicate sampledreplicate sampledmain_or_microplotsub plot sampledsub plot sampleddepthdepth increment sampled in cmcentimeterrealmoisturemeasured soil moisturegramsPerHectogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/188Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Bulk Density - Surface and Deep Cores (KBS078-003)Soil bulk density of surface and deep core soil samples from the GLBRC Biofuel Intensive site.Soil+Bulk+Density+-+Surface+and+Dep+Cores.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/188.csvyearyear sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sample_datedate the sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmenttreatment the sample was collected fromtreatment the sample was collected fromreplicatereplicate the sample was collected fromreplicate the sample was collected fromstationstation the sample was collected fromstation the sample was collected fromtop_depthupper sampling depthcentimeterintegerbottom_depthlower sample depth of soil corecentimeterintegercore_diameterdiameter of the soil sample corecentimeterrealtotal_bulk_densitybulk density including gravelgramsPerCubicCentimeterrealcommentscomment on data rowcomment on data rowwi_plot_idArlington Wisconsin plot identifierintegercampaigntype of soil samplingtype of soil samplinghttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/321Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Inorganic Nitrogen (KBS078-007)Soil extractable nitrogen from the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment. Soil nitrate and ammonium are sampled routinely during the growing season. Note that in 2009 inorganic N was determined using the resin strip method; see related tables below.Soil+Inorganic+Nitrogen.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/321.csvsample_datedate of the soil samplingYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitesampling locationsampling locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentno3soil extractable nitrate-N plus nitrite-N (average of analytical replicates, screened for outliers and corrected for soil moisture)microgramsPerGramrealnh4soil extractable ammonium-N (average of analytical replicates, screened for outliers and corrected for soil moisture)microgramsPerGramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/345Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Inorganic Nitrogen via Resin Strips (KBS078-008)Soil nitrate and ammonium data for the GLRBC Biofuel Intensive site determined using the resin strip method. This method was only used in 2009. See Related Tables below for additional inorganic N data.Soil+Inorganic+Nitrogen+via+Resin+Strips.csvNone261\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/345.csvdate_installeddate the resin strips were put in the soilYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18date_sampleddate the resin strips were removed from the soilYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentno3NO3-NmicrogramsPerCentimeterSquaredPerDayrealnh4NH4-NmicrogramsPerCentimeterSquaredPerDayrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/369Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Soil Chemistry (KBS078-012)Soil samples are taken annually (usually in the Fall) for fertilizer recommendations and analyzed for pH, lime index, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter. KBS samples are analyzed by the Michigan State University Soil and Plant Nutrient Laboratory .Agronomic+Soil+Chemistry.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/369.csvsample_datedate of soil sample collectionYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmenttop_depthupper soil sampling depthcentimeterintegerbottom_depthlower soil sampling depthcentimeterintegerphpH of soil solutiondimensionlessreallime_indexindicator of potential aciditydimensionlessintegerp_ppmphosphorus concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealk_ppmpotassium concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealca_ppmcalcium concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealmg_ppmmagnesium concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealmain_or_microplotexperiment where the soil was sampled fromexperiment where the soil was sampled fromcommentsnotes specific to the data rownotes specific to the data rowhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/195Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Texture by Depth - Deep Cores (KBS078-013)Soil texture from the GLBRC Intensive site.Soil+Texture+by+Depth+-+Dep+Cores.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/195.csvsample_datedate the sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmenttop_depthtop depth of soil samplecentimeterrealbottom_depthbottom depth of soil samplecentimeterrealsandsand content of the sample in percentgramsPerHectogramrealsiltsilt content of the sample in percentgramsPerHectogramrealclayclay content of the sample in percentgramsPerHectogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/428Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen- Baseline Prior to GLBRC Intensive Site (KBS078-017)Soil samples were taken prior to the establishment of the exiperiment to characterize the existing variability of the field. Soil+Carbon+and+Nitrogen-+Baseline+Prior+to+GLBRC+Intensive+Site.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/428.csvsample_datedate the soil sample was collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationeastingX coordinate in UTM projection (zone 16N)meterrealnorthingY coordinate in UTM projection (zone 16N)meterrealtop_depthupper soil sample depthcentimeterintegerbottom_depthlower depth of soil samplecentimeterrealnitrogenpercent nitrogen of soil samplegramsPerHectogramrealcarbonpercent carbon of soil samplegramsPerHectogramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/502Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Field Moist Soil pH (KBS078-020)Field moist soil pH from the Switchgrass N gradient taken to evaluate the need for liming.Field+Moist+Soil+pH.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/502.csvsample_dateDate the sample was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18plotthe plot sampledthe plot sampledsubplotthe subplot sampledthe subplot sampledtreatment_n_rate_kg_haFertilizer N rate in kg/hakilogramsPerHectarerealtreatmentthe treatment designationthe treatment designationreplicatethe replicate blockthe replicate blockharvest_strategythe current harvest strategy (1 or 2 harvests per year)the current harvest strategy (1 or 2 harvests per year)pHthe field moist pHdimensionlessrealcommentsComments about the observationComments about the observation